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Squashed 'pyextra/' changes from 4348db7e8..d54ef825d

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d54ef825d Merge pull request #1 from commaai/new-usr
e3e0520e4 put back logentries and overpy
c3ad0b3dd remove everything

git-subtree-dir: pyextra
git-subtree-split: d54ef825db8d96de8c960ac57a33ac11fa7728bf
pull/718/head
Vehicle Researcher 6 years ago
parent 7ccae06bce
commit 78e4e4ea23
315 changed files with 325 additions and 74541 deletions
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  1. 103
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  2. 223
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  3. 1
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  4. 3
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  5. 48
      Flask-1.0.2-py2.7.egg-info/installed-files.txt
  6. 1
      Flask-1.0.2-py2.7.egg-info/not-zip-safe
  7. 20
      Flask-1.0.2-py2.7.egg-info/requires.txt
  8. 1
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  9. 62
      Jinja2-2.10-py2.7.egg-info/PKG-INFO
  10. 133
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  11. 1
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  12. 4
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  13. 61
      Jinja2-2.10-py2.7.egg-info/installed-files.txt
  14. 1
      Jinja2-2.10-py2.7.egg-info/not-zip-safe
  15. 4
      Jinja2-2.10-py2.7.egg-info/requires.txt
  16. 1
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  17. 36
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  18. 1
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  19. 31
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  20. 65
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  21. 59
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  22. 6
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  23. 4
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  24. 1
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  25. 1
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  26. 133
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  27. 18
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  28. 1
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  29. 15
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  30. 1
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  31. 1
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  32. 70
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  33. 49
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  36. 31
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  37. 13
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  38. 1
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  39. 104
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  40. 299
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  41. 1
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  42. 93
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  43. 1
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  44. 12
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  45. 1
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  46. 89
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  47. 8
      backports.ssl_match_hostname-3.7.0.1-py2.7.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
  48. 1
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  49. 8
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  50. 1
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  51. 3
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  52. 204
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  53. 10
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  54. 201
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  55. 13
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  56. 114
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  57. 1
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  58. 38
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  59. 1
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  60. 98
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  61. 83
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  62. 648
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  63. 547
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  64. 38
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  65. 118
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  66. 273
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  67. 1744
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  68. 304
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  69. 201
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  70. 256
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  71. 48
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  72. 426
      click/parser.py
  73. 539
      click/termui.py
  74. 322
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  75. 550
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  76. 415
      click/utils.py
  77. 49
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  78. 14
      flask/__main__.py
  79. 99
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  80. 2315
      flask/app.py
  81. 448
      flask/blueprints.py
  82. 898
      flask/cli.py
  83. 265
      flask/config.py
  84. 457
      flask/ctx.py
  85. 168
      flask/debughelpers.py
  86. 61
      flask/globals.py
  87. 1044
      flask/helpers.py
  88. 327
      flask/json/__init__.py
  89. 300
      flask/json/tag.py
  90. 78
      flask/logging.py
  91. 385
      flask/sessions.py
  92. 57
      flask/signals.py
  93. 150
      flask/templating.py
  94. 250
      flask/testing.py
  95. 158
      flask/views.py
  96. 216
      flask/wrappers.py
  97. 1
      gunicorn-19.8.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
  98. 23
      gunicorn-19.8.1.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
  99. 111
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  100. 88
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103
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Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: Flask
Version: 1.0.2
Summary: A simple framework for building complex web applications.
Home-page: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/flask/
Author: Pallets team
Author-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD
Description: Flask
=====
Flask is a lightweight `WSGI`_ web application framework. It is designed
to make getting started quick and easy, with the ability to scale up to
complex applications. It began as a simple wrapper around `Werkzeug`_
and `Jinja`_ and has become one of the most popular Python web
application frameworks.
Flask offers suggestions, but doesn't enforce any dependencies or
project layout. It is up to the developer to choose the tools and
libraries they want to use. There are many extensions provided by the
community that make adding new functionality easy.
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
pip install -U Flask
A Simple Example
----------------
.. code-block:: python
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello():
return 'Hello, World!'
.. code-block:: text
$ FLASK_APP=hello.py flask run
* Serving Flask app "hello"
* Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
Donate
------
The Pallets organization develops and supports Flask and the libraries
it uses. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, `please
donate today`_.
.. _please donate today: https://psfmember.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=20
Links
-----
* Website: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/flask/
* Documentation: http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/
* License: `BSD <https://github.com/pallets/flask/blob/master/LICENSE>`_
* Releases: https://pypi.org/project/Flask/
* Code: https://github.com/pallets/flask
* Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/flask/issues
* Test status:
* Linux, Mac: https://travis-ci.org/pallets/flask
* Windows: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/pallets/flask
* Test coverage: https://codecov.io/gh/pallets/flask
.. _WSGI: https://wsgi.readthedocs.io
.. _Werkzeug: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/werkzeug/
.. _Jinja: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/jinja/
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/
Platform: any
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Framework :: Flask
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules

223
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AUTHORS
CHANGES.rst
LICENSE
MANIFEST.in
Makefile
README.rst
setup.cfg
setup.py
tox.ini
Flask.egg-info/PKG-INFO
Flask.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
Flask.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
Flask.egg-info/entry_points.txt
Flask.egg-info/not-zip-safe
Flask.egg-info/requires.txt
Flask.egg-info/top_level.txt
artwork/LICENSE
artwork/logo-full.svg
artwork/logo-lineart.svg
docs/Makefile
docs/advanced_foreword.rst
docs/api.rst
docs/appcontext.rst
docs/becomingbig.rst
docs/blueprints.rst
docs/changelog.rst
docs/cli.rst
docs/conf.py
docs/config.rst
docs/contents.rst.inc
docs/contributing.rst
docs/design.rst
docs/errorhandling.rst
docs/extensiondev.rst
docs/extensions.rst
docs/flaskstyle.sty
docs/foreword.rst
docs/htmlfaq.rst
docs/index.rst
docs/installation.rst
docs/latexindex.rst
docs/license.rst
docs/logging.rst
docs/logo.pdf
docs/make.bat
docs/quickstart.rst
docs/reqcontext.rst
docs/security.rst
docs/server.rst
docs/shell.rst
docs/signals.rst
docs/styleguide.rst
docs/templating.rst
docs/testing.rst
docs/unicode.rst
docs/upgrading.rst
docs/views.rst
docs/_static/debugger.png
docs/_static/flask-favicon.ico
docs/_static/flask.png
docs/_static/logo-full.png
docs/_static/no.png
docs/_static/pycharm-runconfig.png
docs/_static/touch-icon.png
docs/_static/yes.png
docs/deploying/cgi.rst
docs/deploying/fastcgi.rst
docs/deploying/index.rst
docs/deploying/mod_wsgi.rst
docs/deploying/uwsgi.rst
docs/deploying/wsgi-standalone.rst
docs/patterns/apierrors.rst
docs/patterns/appdispatch.rst
docs/patterns/appfactories.rst
docs/patterns/caching.rst
docs/patterns/celery.rst
docs/patterns/deferredcallbacks.rst
docs/patterns/distribute.rst
docs/patterns/errorpages.rst
docs/patterns/fabric.rst
docs/patterns/favicon.rst
docs/patterns/fileuploads.rst
docs/patterns/flashing.rst
docs/patterns/index.rst
docs/patterns/jquery.rst
docs/patterns/lazyloading.rst
docs/patterns/methodoverrides.rst
docs/patterns/mongokit.rst
docs/patterns/packages.rst
docs/patterns/requestchecksum.rst
docs/patterns/sqlalchemy.rst
docs/patterns/sqlite3.rst
docs/patterns/streaming.rst
docs/patterns/subclassing.rst
docs/patterns/templateinheritance.rst
docs/patterns/urlprocessors.rst
docs/patterns/viewdecorators.rst
docs/patterns/wtforms.rst
docs/tutorial/blog.rst
docs/tutorial/database.rst
docs/tutorial/deploy.rst
docs/tutorial/factory.rst
docs/tutorial/flaskr_edit.png
docs/tutorial/flaskr_index.png
docs/tutorial/flaskr_login.png
docs/tutorial/index.rst
docs/tutorial/install.rst
docs/tutorial/layout.rst
docs/tutorial/next.rst
docs/tutorial/static.rst
docs/tutorial/templates.rst
docs/tutorial/tests.rst
docs/tutorial/views.rst
examples/javascript/.gitignore
examples/javascript/LICENSE
examples/javascript/MANIFEST.in
examples/javascript/README.rst
examples/javascript/setup.cfg
examples/javascript/setup.py
examples/javascript/js_example/__init__.py
examples/javascript/js_example/views.py
examples/javascript/js_example/templates/base.html
examples/javascript/js_example/templates/fetch.html
examples/javascript/js_example/templates/jquery.html
examples/javascript/js_example/templates/plain.html
examples/javascript/tests/conftest.py
examples/javascript/tests/test_js_example.py
examples/tutorial/.gitignore
examples/tutorial/LICENSE
examples/tutorial/MANIFEST.in
examples/tutorial/README.rst
examples/tutorial/setup.cfg
examples/tutorial/setup.py
examples/tutorial/flaskr/__init__.py
examples/tutorial/flaskr/auth.py
examples/tutorial/flaskr/blog.py
examples/tutorial/flaskr/db.py
examples/tutorial/flaskr/schema.sql
examples/tutorial/flaskr/static/style.css
examples/tutorial/flaskr/templates/base.html
examples/tutorial/flaskr/templates/auth/login.html
examples/tutorial/flaskr/templates/auth/register.html
examples/tutorial/flaskr/templates/blog/create.html
examples/tutorial/flaskr/templates/blog/index.html
examples/tutorial/flaskr/templates/blog/update.html
examples/tutorial/tests/conftest.py
examples/tutorial/tests/data.sql
examples/tutorial/tests/test_auth.py
examples/tutorial/tests/test_blog.py
examples/tutorial/tests/test_db.py
examples/tutorial/tests/test_factory.py
flask/__init__.py
flask/__main__.py
flask/_compat.py
flask/app.py
flask/blueprints.py
flask/cli.py
flask/config.py
flask/ctx.py
flask/debughelpers.py
flask/globals.py
flask/helpers.py
flask/logging.py
flask/sessions.py
flask/signals.py
flask/templating.py
flask/testing.py
flask/views.py
flask/wrappers.py
flask/json/__init__.py
flask/json/tag.py
tests/conftest.py
tests/test_appctx.py
tests/test_basic.py
tests/test_blueprints.py
tests/test_cli.py
tests/test_config.py
tests/test_helpers.py
tests/test_instance_config.py
tests/test_json_tag.py
tests/test_logging.py
tests/test_regression.py
tests/test_reqctx.py
tests/test_signals.py
tests/test_subclassing.py
tests/test_templating.py
tests/test_testing.py
tests/test_user_error_handler.py
tests/test_views.py
tests/static/config.json
tests/static/index.html
tests/templates/_macro.html
tests/templates/context_template.html
tests/templates/escaping_template.html
tests/templates/mail.txt
tests/templates/non_escaping_template.txt
tests/templates/simple_template.html
tests/templates/template_filter.html
tests/templates/template_test.html
tests/templates/nested/nested.txt
tests/test_apps/.env
tests/test_apps/.flaskenv
tests/test_apps/blueprintapp/__init__.py
tests/test_apps/blueprintapp/apps/__init__.py
tests/test_apps/blueprintapp/apps/admin/__init__.py
tests/test_apps/blueprintapp/apps/admin/static/test.txt
tests/test_apps/blueprintapp/apps/admin/static/css/test.css
tests/test_apps/blueprintapp/apps/admin/templates/admin/index.html
tests/test_apps/blueprintapp/apps/frontend/__init__.py
tests/test_apps/blueprintapp/apps/frontend/templates/frontend/index.html
tests/test_apps/cliapp/__init__.py
tests/test_apps/cliapp/app.py
tests/test_apps/cliapp/factory.py
tests/test_apps/cliapp/importerrorapp.py
tests/test_apps/cliapp/message.txt
tests/test_apps/cliapp/multiapp.py
tests/test_apps/cliapp/inner1/__init__.py
tests/test_apps/cliapp/inner1/inner2/__init__.py
tests/test_apps/cliapp/inner1/inner2/flask.py
tests/test_apps/helloworld/hello.py
tests/test_apps/helloworld/wsgi.py
tests/test_apps/subdomaintestmodule/__init__.py
tests/test_apps/subdomaintestmodule/static/hello.txt

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[console_scripts]
flask = flask.cli:main

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../flask/testing.py
../flask/templating.py
../flask/__main__.py
../flask/sessions.py
../flask/signals.py
../flask/helpers.py
../flask/debughelpers.py
../flask/wrappers.py
../flask/app.py
../flask/ctx.py
../flask/config.py
../flask/logging.py
../flask/blueprints.py
../flask/views.py
../flask/cli.py
../flask/_compat.py
../flask/globals.py
../flask/__init__.py
../flask/json/tag.py
../flask/json/__init__.py
../flask/testing.pyc
../flask/templating.pyc
../flask/__main__.pyc
../flask/sessions.pyc
../flask/signals.pyc
../flask/helpers.pyc
../flask/debughelpers.pyc
../flask/wrappers.pyc
../flask/app.pyc
../flask/ctx.pyc
../flask/config.pyc
../flask/logging.pyc
../flask/blueprints.pyc
../flask/views.pyc
../flask/cli.pyc
../flask/_compat.pyc
../flask/globals.pyc
../flask/__init__.pyc
../flask/json/tag.pyc
../flask/json/__init__.pyc
not-zip-safe
entry_points.txt
dependency_links.txt
PKG-INFO
top_level.txt
requires.txt
SOURCES.txt
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Werkzeug>=0.14
Jinja2>=2.10
itsdangerous>=0.24
click>=5.1
[dev]
pytest>=3
coverage
tox
sphinx
pallets-sphinx-themes
sphinxcontrib-log-cabinet
[docs]
sphinx
pallets-sphinx-themes
sphinxcontrib-log-cabinet
[dotenv]
python-dotenv

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flask

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Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: Jinja2
Version: 2.10
Summary: A small but fast and easy to use stand-alone template engine written in pure python.
Home-page: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
License: BSD
Description:
Jinja2
~~~~~~
Jinja2 is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a
`Django`_ inspired non-XML syntax but supports inline expressions and
an optional `sandboxed`_ environment.
Nutshell
--------
Here a small example of a Jinja template::
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Memberlist{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
<li><a href="{{ user.url }}">{{ user.username }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
Philosophy
----------
Application logic is for the controller but don't try to make the life
for the template designer too hard by giving him too few functionality.
For more informations visit the new `Jinja2 webpage`_ and `documentation`_.
.. _sandboxed: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(computer_security)
.. _Django: https://www.djangoproject.com/
.. _Jinja2 webpage: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
.. _documentation: http://jinja.pocoo.org/2/documentation/
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML

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AUTHORS
CHANGES.rst
LICENSE
MANIFEST.in
README.rst
setup.cfg
setup.py
Jinja2.egg-info/PKG-INFO
Jinja2.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
Jinja2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
Jinja2.egg-info/entry_points.txt
Jinja2.egg-info/not-zip-safe
Jinja2.egg-info/requires.txt
Jinja2.egg-info/top_level.txt
artwork/jinjalogo.svg
docs/Makefile
docs/api.rst
docs/cache_extension.py
docs/changelog.rst
docs/conf.py
docs/contents.rst.inc
docs/extensions.rst
docs/faq.rst
docs/index.rst
docs/integration.rst
docs/intro.rst
docs/jinjaext.py
docs/jinjastyle.sty
docs/latexindex.rst
docs/logo.pdf
docs/nativetypes.rst
docs/sandbox.rst
docs/switching.rst
docs/templates.rst
docs/tricks.rst
docs/_static/.ignore
docs/_static/jinja-small.png
docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html
docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html
docs/_themes/LICENSE
docs/_themes/README
docs/_themes/jinja/layout.html
docs/_themes/jinja/relations.html
docs/_themes/jinja/theme.conf
docs/_themes/jinja/static/jinja.css_t
examples/bench.py
examples/profile.py
examples/basic/cycle.py
examples/basic/debugger.py
examples/basic/inheritance.py
examples/basic/test.py
examples/basic/test_filter_and_linestatements.py
examples/basic/test_loop_filter.py
examples/basic/translate.py
examples/basic/templates/broken.html
examples/basic/templates/subbroken.html
examples/rwbench/djangoext.py
examples/rwbench/rwbench.py
examples/rwbench/django/_form.html
examples/rwbench/django/_input_field.html
examples/rwbench/django/_textarea.html
examples/rwbench/django/index.html
examples/rwbench/django/layout.html
examples/rwbench/genshi/helpers.html
examples/rwbench/genshi/index.html
examples/rwbench/genshi/layout.html
examples/rwbench/jinja/helpers.html
examples/rwbench/jinja/index.html
examples/rwbench/jinja/layout.html
examples/rwbench/mako/helpers.html
examples/rwbench/mako/index.html
examples/rwbench/mako/layout.html
ext/djangojinja2.py
ext/inlinegettext.py
ext/jinja.el
ext/Vim/jinja.vim
ext/django2jinja/django2jinja.py
ext/django2jinja/example.py
ext/django2jinja/templates/index.html
ext/django2jinja/templates/layout.html
ext/django2jinja/templates/subtemplate.html
jinja2/__init__.py
jinja2/_compat.py
jinja2/_identifier.py
jinja2/asyncfilters.py
jinja2/asyncsupport.py
jinja2/bccache.py
jinja2/compiler.py
jinja2/constants.py
jinja2/debug.py
jinja2/defaults.py
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jinja2/exceptions.py
jinja2/ext.py
jinja2/filters.py
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jinja2/lexer.py
jinja2/loaders.py
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jinja2/nativetypes.py
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jinja2/runtime.py
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jinja2/tests.py
jinja2/utils.py
jinja2/visitor.py
tests/conftest.py
tests/test_api.py
tests/test_async.py
tests/test_asyncfilters.py
tests/test_bytecode_cache.py
tests/test_core_tags.py
tests/test_debug.py
tests/test_ext.py
tests/test_features.py
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tests/test_idtracking.py
tests/test_imports.py
tests/test_inheritance.py
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tests/test_utils.py
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tests/res/templates/broken.html
tests/res/templates/syntaxerror.html
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[babel.extractors]
jinja2 = jinja2.ext:babel_extract[i18n]

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../jinja2/lexer.py
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../jinja2/compiler.py
../jinja2/environment.py
../jinja2/tests.py
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../jinja2/exceptions.py
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../jinja2/utils.py
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../jinja2/optimizer.py
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MarkupSafe>=0.23
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jinja2

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Jinja2
~~~~~~
Jinja2 is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a
`Django`_ inspired non-XML syntax but supports inline expressions and
an optional `sandboxed`_ environment.
Nutshell
--------
Here a small example of a Jinja template::
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Memberlist{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
<li><a href="{{ user.url }}">{{ user.username }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
Philosophy
----------
Application logic is for the controller but don't try to make the life
for the template designer too hard by giving him too few functionality.
For more informations visit the new `Jinja2 webpage`_ and `documentation`_.
.. _sandboxed: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(computer_security)
.. _Django: http://www.djangoproject.com/
.. _Jinja2 webpage: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
.. _documentation: http://jinja.pocoo.org/2/documentation/

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pip

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Copyright (c) 2009 by the Jinja Team, see AUTHORS for more details.
Some rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
with the distribution.
* The names of the contributors may not be used to endorse or
promote products derived from this software without specific
prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.0
Name: Jinja2
Version: 2.9.6
Summary: A small but fast and easy to use stand-alone template engine written in pure python.
Home-page: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
License: BSD
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML
Requires-Dist: MarkupSafe (>=0.23)
Provides-Extra: i18n
Requires-Dist: Babel (>=0.8); extra == 'i18n'
Jinja2
~~~~~~
Jinja2 is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a
`Django`_ inspired non-XML syntax but supports inline expressions and
an optional `sandboxed`_ environment.
Nutshell
--------
Here a small example of a Jinja template::
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Memberlist{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
<li><a href="{{ user.url }}">{{ user.username }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
Philosophy
----------
Application logic is for the controller but don't try to make the life
for the template designer too hard by giving him too few functionality.
For more informations visit the new `Jinja2 webpage`_ and `documentation`_.
.. _sandboxed: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(computer_security)
.. _Django: http://www.djangoproject.com/
.. _Jinja2 webpage: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
.. _documentation: http://jinja.pocoo.org/2/documentation/

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[babel.extractors]
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{"license": "BSD", "name": "Jinja2", "metadata_version": "2.0", "generator": "bdist_wheel (0.24.0)", "summary": "A small but fast and easy to use stand-alone template engine written in pure python.", "run_requires": [{"requires": ["Babel (>=0.8)"], "extra": "i18n"}, {"requires": ["MarkupSafe (>=0.23)"]}], "version": "2.9.6", "extensions": {"python.details": {"project_urls": {"Home": "http://jinja.pocoo.org/"}, "document_names": {"description": "DESCRIPTION.rst", "license": "LICENSE.txt"}, "contacts": [{"role": "author", "email": "armin.ronacher@active-4.com", "name": "Armin Ronacher"}]}, "python.exports": {"babel.extractors": {"jinja2": "jinja2.ext:babel_extract [i18n]"}}}, "classifiers": ["Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable", "Environment :: Web Environment", "Intended Audience :: Developers", "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License", "Operating System :: OS Independent", "Programming Language :: Python", "Programming Language :: Python :: 2", "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6", "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content", "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules", "Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML"], "extras": ["i18n"]}

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MarkupSafe-1.0-py2.7.egg-info/PKG-INFO
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Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: MarkupSafe
Version: 1.0
Summary: Implements a XML/HTML/XHTML Markup safe string for Python
Home-page: http://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
License: BSD
Description: MarkupSafe
==========
Implements a unicode subclass that supports HTML strings:
.. code-block:: python
>>> from markupsafe import Markup, escape
>>> escape("<script>alert(document.cookie);</script>")
Markup(u'&lt;script&gt;alert(document.cookie);&lt;/script&gt;')
>>> tmpl = Markup("<em>%s</em>")
>>> tmpl % "Peter > Lustig"
Markup(u'<em>Peter &gt; Lustig</em>')
If you want to make an object unicode that is not yet unicode
but don't want to lose the taint information, you can use the
``soft_unicode`` function. (On Python 3 you can also use ``soft_str`` which
is a different name for the same function).
.. code-block:: python
>>> from markupsafe import soft_unicode
>>> soft_unicode(42)
u'42'
>>> soft_unicode(Markup('foo'))
Markup(u'foo')
HTML Representations
--------------------
Objects can customize their HTML markup equivalent by overriding
the ``__html__`` function:
.. code-block:: python
>>> class Foo(object):
... def __html__(self):
... return '<strong>Nice</strong>'
...
>>> escape(Foo())
Markup(u'<strong>Nice</strong>')
>>> Markup(Foo())
Markup(u'<strong>Nice</strong>')
Silent Escapes
--------------
Since MarkupSafe 0.10 there is now also a separate escape function
called ``escape_silent`` that returns an empty string for ``None`` for
consistency with other systems that return empty strings for ``None``
when escaping (for instance Pylons' webhelpers).
If you also want to use this for the escape method of the Markup
object, you can create your own subclass that does that:
.. code-block:: python
from markupsafe import Markup, escape_silent as escape
class SilentMarkup(Markup):
__slots__ = ()
@classmethod
def escape(cls, s):
return cls(escape(s))
New-Style String Formatting
---------------------------
Starting with MarkupSafe 0.21 new style string formats from Python 2.6 and
3.x are now fully supported. Previously the escape behavior of those
functions was spotty at best. The new implementations operates under the
following algorithm:
1. if an object has an ``__html_format__`` method it is called as
replacement for ``__format__`` with the format specifier. It either
has to return a string or markup object.
2. if an object has an ``__html__`` method it is called.
3. otherwise the default format system of Python kicks in and the result
is HTML escaped.
Here is how you can implement your own formatting:
.. code-block:: python
class User(object):
def __init__(self, id, username):
self.id = id
self.username = username
def __html_format__(self, format_spec):
if format_spec == 'link':
return Markup('<a href="/user/{0}">{1}</a>').format(
self.id,
self.__html__(),
)
elif format_spec:
raise ValueError('Invalid format spec')
return self.__html__()
def __html__(self):
return Markup('<span class=user>{0}</span>').format(self.username)
And to format that user:
.. code-block:: python
>>> user = User(1, 'foo')
>>> Markup('<p>User: {0:link}').format(user)
Markup(u'<p>User: <a href="/user/1"><span class=user>foo</span></a>')
Markupsafe supports Python 2.6, 2.7 and Python 3.3 and higher.
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML

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AUTHORS
CHANGES
LICENSE
MANIFEST.in
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setup.py
tests.py
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MarkupSafe.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
MarkupSafe.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
MarkupSafe.egg-info/not-zip-safe
MarkupSafe.egg-info/top_level.txt
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markupsafe/_compat.py
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markupsafe/_native.py
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../markupsafe/__init__.py
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Metadata-Version: 1.1
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Version: 1.4.1
Summary: JSON Web Token implementation in Python
Home-page: http://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt
Author: José Padilla
Author-email: hello@jpadilla.com
License: MIT
Description: # PyJWT
[![travis-status-image]][travis]
[![appveyor-status-image]][appveyor]
[![pypi-version-image]][pypi]
[![coveralls-status-image]][coveralls]
[![docs-status-image]][docs]
A Python implementation of [RFC 7519][jwt-spec].
Original implementation was written by [@progrium][progrium].
## Installing
```
$ pip install PyJWT
```
## Usage
```python
>>> import jwt
>>> encoded = jwt.encode({'some': 'payload'}, 'secret', algorithm='HS256')
'eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzb21lIjoicGF5bG9hZCJ9.4twFt5NiznN84AWoo1d7KO1T_yoc0Z6XOpOVswacPZg'
>>> jwt.decode(encoded, 'secret', algorithms=['HS256'])
{'some': 'payload'}
```
## Tests
You can run tests from the project root after cloning with:
```
$ python setup.py test
```
[travis-status-image]: https://secure.travis-ci.org/jpadilla/pyjwt.svg?branch=master
[travis]: http://travis-ci.org/jpadilla/pyjwt?branch=master
[appveyor-status-image]: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/h8nt70aqtwhht39t?svg=true
[appveyor]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/jpadilla/pyjwt
[pypi-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pyjwt.svg
[pypi]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyjwt
[coveralls-status-image]: https://coveralls.io/repos/jpadilla/pyjwt/badge.svg?branch=master
[coveralls]: https://coveralls.io/r/jpadilla/pyjwt?branch=master
[docs-status-image]: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pyjwt/badge/?version=latest
[docs]: http://pyjwt.readthedocs.org
[jwt-spec]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519
[progrium]: https://github.com/progrium
Keywords: jwt json web token security signing
Platform: UNKNOWN
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Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: Natural Language :: English
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
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Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: backports.ssl-match-hostname
Version: 3.7.0.1
Summary: The ssl.match_hostname() function from Python 3.5
Home-page: http://bitbucket.org/brandon/backports.ssl_match_hostname
Author: Toshio Kuratomi
Author-email: toshio@fedoraproject.org
License: Python Software Foundation License
Description:
The ssl.match_hostname() function from Python 3.7
=================================================
The Secure Sockets Layer is only actually *secure*
if you check the hostname in the certificate returned
by the server to which you are connecting,
and verify that it matches to hostname
that you are trying to reach.
But the matching logic, defined in `RFC2818`_,
can be a bit tricky to implement on your own.
So the ``ssl`` package in the Standard Library of Python 3.2
and greater now includes a ``match_hostname()`` function
for performing this check instead of requiring every application
to implement the check separately.
This backport brings ``match_hostname()`` to users
of earlier versions of Python.
Simply make this distribution a dependency of your package,
and then use it like this::
from backports.ssl_match_hostname import match_hostname, CertificateError
[...]
sslsock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23,
cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, ca_certs=...)
try:
match_hostname(sslsock.getpeercert(), hostname)
except CertificateError, ce:
...
Brandon Craig Rhodes is merely the packager of this distribution;
the actual code inside comes from Python 3.7 with small changes for
portability.
Requirements
------------
* If you need to use this on Python versions earlier than 2.6 you will need to
install the `ssl module`_. From Python 2.6 upwards ``ssl`` is included in
the Python Standard Library so you do not need to install it separately.
.. _`ssl module`:: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ssl
History
-------
* This function was introduced in python-3.2
* It was updated for python-3.4a1 for a CVE
(backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.1)
* It was updated from RFC2818 to RFC 6125 compliance in order to fix another
security flaw for python-3.3.3 and python-3.4a5
(backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2)
* It was updated in python-3.5 to handle IPAddresses in ServerAltName fields
(something that backports.ssl_match_hostname will do if you also install the
ipaddress library from pypi).
* It was updated in python-3.7 to handle IPAddresses without the ipaddress library and dropped
support for partial wildcards
.. _`ipaddress module`:: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ipaddress
.. _RFC2818: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2818.html
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Python Software Foundation License
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.0
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.1
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Topic :: Security :: Cryptography

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backports.ssl_match_hostname-3.7.0.1-py2.7.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
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README.txt
setup.cfg
backports/__init__.py
backports.ssl_match_hostname.egg-info/PKG-INFO
backports.ssl_match_hostname.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
backports.ssl_match_hostname.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
backports.ssl_match_hostname.egg-info/top_level.txt
backports/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.py

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backports.ssl_match_hostname-3.7.0.1-py2.7.egg-info/installed-files.txt
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../backports/__init__.py
../backports/__init__.pyc
../backports/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.py
../backports/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.pyc
PKG-INFO
SOURCES.txt
dependency_links.txt
top_level.txt

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backports

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backports/__init__.py
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# This is a Python "namespace package" http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0382/
from pkgutil import extend_path
__path__ = extend_path(__path__, __name__)

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backports/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.py
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"""The match_hostname() function from Python 3.7.0, essential when using SSL."""
import sys
import socket as _socket
try:
# Divergence: Python-3.7+'s _ssl has this exception type but older Pythons do not
from _ssl import SSLCertVerificationError
CertificateError = SSLCertVerificationError
except:
class CertificateError(ValueError):
pass
__version__ = '3.7.0.1'
# Divergence: Added to deal with ipaddess as bytes on python2
def _to_text(obj):
if isinstance(obj, str) and sys.version_info < (3,):
obj = unicode(obj, encoding='ascii', errors='strict')
elif sys.version_info >= (3,) and isinstance(obj, bytes):
obj = str(obj, encoding='ascii', errors='strict')
return obj
def _to_bytes(obj):
if isinstance(obj, str) and sys.version_info >= (3,):
obj = bytes(obj, encoding='ascii', errors='strict')
elif sys.version_info < (3,) and isinstance(obj, unicode):
obj = obj.encode('ascii', 'strict')
return obj
def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname):
"""Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3
- Hostnames are compared lower case.
- For IDNA, both dn and hostname must be encoded as IDN A-label (ACE).
- Partial wildcards like 'www*.example.org', multiple wildcards, sole
wildcard or wildcards in labels other then the left-most label are not
supported and a CertificateError is raised.
- A wildcard must match at least one character.
"""
if not dn:
return False
wildcards = dn.count('*')
# speed up common case w/o wildcards
if not wildcards:
return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()
if wildcards > 1:
# Divergence .format() to percent formatting for Python < 2.6
raise CertificateError(
"too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: %s" % repr(dn))
dn_leftmost, sep, dn_remainder = dn.partition('.')
if '*' in dn_remainder:
# Only match wildcard in leftmost segment.
# Divergence .format() to percent formatting for Python < 2.6
raise CertificateError(
"wildcard can only be present in the leftmost label: "
"%s." % repr(dn))
if not sep:
# no right side
# Divergence .format() to percent formatting for Python < 2.6
raise CertificateError(
"sole wildcard without additional labels are not support: "
"%s." % repr(dn))
if dn_leftmost != '*':
# no partial wildcard matching
# Divergence .format() to percent formatting for Python < 2.6
raise CertificateError(
"partial wildcards in leftmost label are not supported: "
"%s." % repr(dn))
hostname_leftmost, sep, hostname_remainder = hostname.partition('.')
if not hostname_leftmost or not sep:
# wildcard must match at least one char
return False
return dn_remainder.lower() == hostname_remainder.lower()
def _inet_paton(ipname):
"""Try to convert an IP address to packed binary form
Supports IPv4 addresses on all platforms and IPv6 on platforms with IPv6
support.
"""
# inet_aton() also accepts strings like '1'
# Divergence: We make sure we have native string type for all python versions
try:
b_ipname = _to_bytes(ipname)
except UnicodeError:
raise ValueError("%s must be an all-ascii string." % repr(ipname))
# Set ipname in native string format
if sys.version_info < (3,):
n_ipname = b_ipname
else:
n_ipname = ipname
if n_ipname.count('.') == 3:
try:
return _socket.inet_aton(n_ipname)
# Divergence: OSError on late python3. socket.error earlier.
# Null bytes generate ValueError on python3(we want to raise
# ValueError anyway), TypeError # earlier
except (OSError, _socket.error, TypeError):
pass
try:
return _socket.inet_pton(_socket.AF_INET6, n_ipname)
# Divergence: OSError on late python3. socket.error earlier.
# Null bytes generate ValueError on python3(we want to raise
# ValueError anyway), TypeError # earlier
except (OSError, _socket.error, TypeError):
# Divergence .format() to percent formatting for Python < 2.6
raise ValueError("%s is neither an IPv4 nor an IP6 "
"address." % repr(ipname))
except AttributeError:
# AF_INET6 not available
pass
# Divergence .format() to percent formatting for Python < 2.6
raise ValueError("%s is not an IPv4 address." % repr(ipname))
def _ipaddress_match(ipname, host_ip):
"""Exact matching of IP addresses.
RFC 6125 explicitly doesn't define an algorithm for this
(section 1.7.2 - "Out of Scope").
"""
# OpenSSL may add a trailing newline to a subjectAltName's IP address
ip = _inet_paton(ipname.rstrip())
return ip == host_ip
def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
"""Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*. RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
rules are followed.
The function matches IP addresses rather than dNSNames if hostname is a
valid ipaddress string. IPv4 addresses are supported on all platforms.
IPv6 addresses are supported on platforms with IPv6 support (AF_INET6
and inet_pton).
CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
returns nothing.
"""
if not cert:
raise ValueError("empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
"SSL socket or SSL context with either "
"CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED")
try:
# Divergence: Deal with hostname as bytes
host_ip = _inet_paton(_to_text(hostname))
except ValueError:
# Not an IP address (common case)
host_ip = None
except UnicodeError:
# Divergence: Deal with hostname as byte strings.
# IP addresses should be all ascii, so we consider it not
# an IP address if this fails
host_ip = None
dnsnames = []
san = cert.get('subjectAltName', ())
for key, value in san:
if key == 'DNS':
if host_ip is None and _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
elif key == 'IP Address':
if host_ip is not None and _ipaddress_match(value, host_ip):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
if not dnsnames:
# The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
# in subjectAltName
for sub in cert.get('subject', ()):
for key, value in sub:
# XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
# must be used.
if key == 'commonName':
if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
if len(dnsnames) > 1:
raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
"doesn't match either of %s"
% (hostname, ', '.join(map(repr, dnsnames))))
elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
"doesn't match %r"
% (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
else:
raise CertificateError("no appropriate commonName or "
"subjectAltName fields were found")

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bin/flask
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#!/usr/local/bin/python
# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'Flask==1.0.2','console_scripts','flask'
__requires__ = 'Flask==1.0.2'
import sys
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(
load_entry_point('Flask==1.0.2', 'console_scripts', 'flask')()
)

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bin/wsdump.py
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#!/usr/local/bin/python
import argparse
import code
import sys
import threading
import time
import ssl
import six
from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse
import websocket
try:
import readline
except ImportError:
pass
def get_encoding():
encoding = getattr(sys.stdin, "encoding", "")
if not encoding:
return "utf-8"
else:
return encoding.lower()
OPCODE_DATA = (websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_TEXT, websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_BINARY)
ENCODING = get_encoding()
class VAction(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, args, values, option_string=None):
if values is None:
values = "1"
try:
values = int(values)
except ValueError:
values = values.count("v") + 1
setattr(args, self.dest, values)
def parse_args():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="WebSocket Simple Dump Tool")
parser.add_argument("url", metavar="ws_url",
help="websocket url. ex. ws://echo.websocket.org/")
parser.add_argument("-p", "--proxy",
help="proxy url. ex. http://127.0.0.1:8080")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", default=0, nargs='?', action=VAction,
dest="verbose",
help="set verbose mode. If set to 1, show opcode. "
"If set to 2, enable to trace websocket module")
parser.add_argument("-n", "--nocert", action='store_true',
help="Ignore invalid SSL cert")
parser.add_argument("-r", "--raw", action="store_true",
help="raw output")
parser.add_argument("-s", "--subprotocols", nargs='*',
help="Set subprotocols")
parser.add_argument("-o", "--origin",
help="Set origin")
parser.add_argument("--eof-wait", default=0, type=int,
help="wait time(second) after 'EOF' received.")
parser.add_argument("-t", "--text",
help="Send initial text")
parser.add_argument("--timings", action="store_true",
help="Print timings in seconds")
parser.add_argument("--headers",
help="Set custom headers. Use ',' as separator")
return parser.parse_args()
class RawInput:
def raw_input(self, prompt):
if six.PY3:
line = input(prompt)
else:
line = raw_input(prompt)
if ENCODING and ENCODING != "utf-8" and not isinstance(line, six.text_type):
line = line.decode(ENCODING).encode("utf-8")
elif isinstance(line, six.text_type):
line = line.encode("utf-8")
return line
class InteractiveConsole(RawInput, code.InteractiveConsole):
def write(self, data):
sys.stdout.write("\033[2K\033[E")
# sys.stdout.write("\n")
sys.stdout.write("\033[34m< " + data + "\033[39m")
sys.stdout.write("\n> ")
sys.stdout.flush()
def read(self):
return self.raw_input("> ")
class NonInteractive(RawInput):
def write(self, data):
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.write("\n")
sys.stdout.flush()
def read(self):
return self.raw_input("")
def main():
start_time = time.time()
args = parse_args()
if args.verbose > 1:
websocket.enableTrace(True)
options = {}
if args.proxy:
p = urlparse(args.proxy)
options["http_proxy_host"] = p.hostname
options["http_proxy_port"] = p.port
if args.origin:
options["origin"] = args.origin
if args.subprotocols:
options["subprotocols"] = args.subprotocols
opts = {}
if args.nocert:
opts = {"cert_reqs": ssl.CERT_NONE, "check_hostname": False}
if args.headers:
options['header'] = map(str.strip, args.headers.split(','))
ws = websocket.create_connection(args.url, sslopt=opts, **options)
if args.raw:
console = NonInteractive()
else:
console = InteractiveConsole()
print("Press Ctrl+C to quit")
def recv():
try:
frame = ws.recv_frame()
except websocket.WebSocketException:
return websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_CLOSE, None
if not frame:
raise websocket.WebSocketException("Not a valid frame %s" % frame)
elif frame.opcode in OPCODE_DATA:
return frame.opcode, frame.data
elif frame.opcode == websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_CLOSE:
ws.send_close()
return frame.opcode, None
elif frame.opcode == websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_PING:
ws.pong(frame.data)
return frame.opcode, frame.data
return frame.opcode, frame.data
def recv_ws():
while True:
opcode, data = recv()
msg = None
if six.PY3 and opcode == websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_TEXT and isinstance(data, bytes):
data = str(data, "utf-8")
if not args.verbose and opcode in OPCODE_DATA:
msg = data
elif args.verbose:
msg = "%s: %s" % (websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_MAP.get(opcode), data)
if msg is not None:
if args.timings:
console.write(str(time.time() - start_time) + ": " + msg)
else:
console.write(msg)
if opcode == websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_CLOSE:
break
thread = threading.Thread(target=recv_ws)
thread.daemon = True
thread.start()
if args.text:
ws.send(args.text)
while True:
try:
message = console.read()
ws.send(message)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
return
except EOFError:
time.sleep(args.eof_wait)
return
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
main()
except Exception as e:
print(e)

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click-6.7-py2.7.egg-info/PKG-INFO
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Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: click
Version: 6.7
Summary: A simple wrapper around optparse for powerful command line utilities.
Home-page: http://github.com/mitsuhiko/click
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
License: UNKNOWN
Description: UNKNOWN
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3

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click-6.7-py2.7.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
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CHANGES
LICENSE
MANIFEST.in
Makefile
README
setup.cfg
setup.py
artwork/logo.svg
click/__init__.py
click/_bashcomplete.py
click/_compat.py
click/_termui_impl.py
click/_textwrap.py
click/_unicodefun.py
click/_winconsole.py
click/core.py
click/decorators.py
click/exceptions.py
click/formatting.py
click/globals.py
click/parser.py
click/termui.py
click/testing.py
click/types.py
click/utils.py
click.egg-info/PKG-INFO
click.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
click.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
click.egg-info/top_level.txt
docs/Makefile
docs/advanced.rst
docs/api.rst
docs/arguments.rst
docs/bashcomplete.rst
docs/changelog.rst
docs/clickdoctools.py
docs/commands.rst
docs/complex.rst
docs/conf.py
docs/contrib.rst
docs/documentation.rst
docs/exceptions.rst
docs/index.rst
docs/license.rst
docs/make.bat
docs/options.rst
docs/parameters.rst
docs/prompts.rst
docs/python3.rst
docs/quickstart.rst
docs/setuptools.rst
docs/testing.rst
docs/upgrading.rst
docs/utils.rst
docs/why.rst
docs/wincmd.rst
docs/_static/click-small.png
docs/_static/click-small@2x.png
docs/_static/click.png
docs/_static/click@2x.png
docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html
docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html
examples/README
examples/aliases/README
examples/aliases/aliases.ini
examples/aliases/aliases.py
examples/aliases/setup.py
examples/colors/README
examples/colors/colors.py
examples/colors/setup.py
examples/complex/README
examples/complex/setup.py
examples/complex/complex/__init__.py
examples/complex/complex/cli.py
examples/complex/complex/commands/__init__.py
examples/complex/complex/commands/cmd_init.py
examples/complex/complex/commands/cmd_status.py
examples/imagepipe/.gitignore
examples/imagepipe/README
examples/imagepipe/example01.jpg
examples/imagepipe/example02.jpg
examples/imagepipe/imagepipe.py
examples/imagepipe/setup.py
examples/inout/README
examples/inout/inout.py
examples/inout/setup.py
examples/naval/README
examples/naval/naval.py
examples/naval/setup.py
examples/repo/README
examples/repo/repo.py
examples/repo/setup.py
examples/termui/README
examples/termui/setup.py
examples/termui/termui.py
examples/validation/README
examples/validation/setup.py
examples/validation/validation.py
tests/conftest.py
tests/test_arguments.py
tests/test_bashcomplete.py
tests/test_basic.py
tests/test_chain.py
tests/test_commands.py
tests/test_compat.py
tests/test_context.py
tests/test_defaults.py
tests/test_formatting.py
tests/test_imports.py
tests/test_normalization.py
tests/test_options.py
tests/test_termui.py
tests/test_testing.py
tests/test_utils.py

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click-6.7-py2.7.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
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click-6.7-py2.7.egg-info/installed-files.txt
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../click/exceptions.py
../click/testing.py
../click/decorators.py
../click/parser.py
../click/formatting.py
../click/globals.py
../click/_termui_impl.py
../click/__init__.py
../click/_compat.py
../click/_winconsole.py
../click/_unicodefun.py
../click/_textwrap.py
../click/_bashcomplete.py
../click/core.py
../click/types.py
../click/termui.py
../click/utils.py
../click/exceptions.pyc
../click/testing.pyc
../click/decorators.pyc
../click/parser.pyc
../click/formatting.pyc
../click/globals.pyc
../click/_termui_impl.pyc
../click/__init__.pyc
../click/_compat.pyc
../click/_winconsole.pyc
../click/_unicodefun.pyc
../click/_textwrap.pyc
../click/_bashcomplete.pyc
../click/core.pyc
../click/types.pyc
../click/termui.pyc
../click/utils.pyc
SOURCES.txt
top_level.txt
PKG-INFO
dependency_links.txt

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click-6.7-py2.7.egg-info/top_level.txt
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click

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click/__init__.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
click
~~~~~
Click is a simple Python module that wraps the stdlib's optparse to make
writing command line scripts fun. Unlike other modules, it's based around
a simple API that does not come with too much magic and is composable.
In case optparse ever gets removed from the stdlib, it will be shipped by
this module.
:copyright: (c) 2014 by Armin Ronacher.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
# Core classes
from .core import Context, BaseCommand, Command, MultiCommand, Group, \
CommandCollection, Parameter, Option, Argument
# Globals
from .globals import get_current_context
# Decorators
from .decorators import pass_context, pass_obj, make_pass_decorator, \
command, group, argument, option, confirmation_option, \
password_option, version_option, help_option
# Types
from .types import ParamType, File, Path, Choice, IntRange, Tuple, \
STRING, INT, FLOAT, BOOL, UUID, UNPROCESSED
# Utilities
from .utils import echo, get_binary_stream, get_text_stream, open_file, \
format_filename, get_app_dir, get_os_args
# Terminal functions
from .termui import prompt, confirm, get_terminal_size, echo_via_pager, \
progressbar, clear, style, unstyle, secho, edit, launch, getchar, \
pause
# Exceptions
from .exceptions import ClickException, UsageError, BadParameter, \
FileError, Abort, NoSuchOption, BadOptionUsage, BadArgumentUsage, \
MissingParameter
# Formatting
from .formatting import HelpFormatter, wrap_text
# Parsing
from .parser import OptionParser
__all__ = [
# Core classes
'Context', 'BaseCommand', 'Command', 'MultiCommand', 'Group',
'CommandCollection', 'Parameter', 'Option', 'Argument',
# Globals
'get_current_context',
# Decorators
'pass_context', 'pass_obj', 'make_pass_decorator', 'command', 'group',
'argument', 'option', 'confirmation_option', 'password_option',
'version_option', 'help_option',
# Types
'ParamType', 'File', 'Path', 'Choice', 'IntRange', 'Tuple', 'STRING',
'INT', 'FLOAT', 'BOOL', 'UUID', 'UNPROCESSED',
# Utilities
'echo', 'get_binary_stream', 'get_text_stream', 'open_file',
'format_filename', 'get_app_dir', 'get_os_args',
# Terminal functions
'prompt', 'confirm', 'get_terminal_size', 'echo_via_pager',
'progressbar', 'clear', 'style', 'unstyle', 'secho', 'edit', 'launch',
'getchar', 'pause',
# Exceptions
'ClickException', 'UsageError', 'BadParameter', 'FileError',
'Abort', 'NoSuchOption', 'BadOptionUsage', 'BadArgumentUsage',
'MissingParameter',
# Formatting
'HelpFormatter', 'wrap_text',
# Parsing
'OptionParser',
]
# Controls if click should emit the warning about the use of unicode
# literals.
disable_unicode_literals_warning = False
__version__ = '6.7'

83
click/_bashcomplete.py
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import os
import re
from .utils import echo
from .parser import split_arg_string
from .core import MultiCommand, Option
COMPLETION_SCRIPT = '''
%(complete_func)s() {
COMPREPLY=( $( env COMP_WORDS="${COMP_WORDS[*]}" \\
COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \\
%(autocomplete_var)s=complete $1 ) )
return 0
}
complete -F %(complete_func)s -o default %(script_names)s
'''
_invalid_ident_char_re = re.compile(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9_]')
def get_completion_script(prog_name, complete_var):
cf_name = _invalid_ident_char_re.sub('', prog_name.replace('-', '_'))
return (COMPLETION_SCRIPT % {
'complete_func': '_%s_completion' % cf_name,
'script_names': prog_name,
'autocomplete_var': complete_var,
}).strip() + ';'
def resolve_ctx(cli, prog_name, args):
ctx = cli.make_context(prog_name, args, resilient_parsing=True)
while ctx.protected_args + ctx.args and isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand):
a = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args
cmd = ctx.command.get_command(ctx, a[0])
if cmd is None:
return None
ctx = cmd.make_context(a[0], a[1:], parent=ctx, resilient_parsing=True)
return ctx
def get_choices(cli, prog_name, args, incomplete):
ctx = resolve_ctx(cli, prog_name, args)
if ctx is None:
return
choices = []
if incomplete and not incomplete[:1].isalnum():
for param in ctx.command.params:
if not isinstance(param, Option):
continue
choices.extend(param.opts)
choices.extend(param.secondary_opts)
elif isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand):
choices.extend(ctx.command.list_commands(ctx))
for item in choices:
if item.startswith(incomplete):
yield item
def do_complete(cli, prog_name):
cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ['COMP_WORDS'])
cword = int(os.environ['COMP_CWORD'])
args = cwords[1:cword]
try:
incomplete = cwords[cword]
except IndexError:
incomplete = ''
for item in get_choices(cli, prog_name, args, incomplete):
echo(item)
return True
def bashcomplete(cli, prog_name, complete_var, complete_instr):
if complete_instr == 'source':
echo(get_completion_script(prog_name, complete_var))
return True
elif complete_instr == 'complete':
return do_complete(cli, prog_name)
return False

648
click/_compat.py
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import re
import io
import os
import sys
import codecs
from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
WIN = sys.platform.startswith('win')
DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 80
_ansi_re = re.compile('\033\[((?:\d|;)*)([a-zA-Z])')
def get_filesystem_encoding():
return sys.getfilesystemencoding() or sys.getdefaultencoding()
def _make_text_stream(stream, encoding, errors):
if encoding is None:
encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
if errors is None:
errors = 'replace'
return _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(stream, encoding, errors,
line_buffering=True)
def is_ascii_encoding(encoding):
"""Checks if a given encoding is ascii."""
try:
return codecs.lookup(encoding).name == 'ascii'
except LookupError:
return False
def get_best_encoding(stream):
"""Returns the default stream encoding if not found."""
rv = getattr(stream, 'encoding', None) or sys.getdefaultencoding()
if is_ascii_encoding(rv):
return 'utf-8'
return rv
class _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
def __init__(self, stream, encoding, errors, **extra):
self._stream = stream = _FixupStream(stream)
io.TextIOWrapper.__init__(self, stream, encoding, errors, **extra)
# The io module is a place where the Python 3 text behavior
# was forced upon Python 2, so we need to unbreak
# it to look like Python 2.
if PY2:
def write(self, x):
if isinstance(x, str) or is_bytes(x):
try:
self.flush()
except Exception:
pass
return self.buffer.write(str(x))
return io.TextIOWrapper.write(self, x)
def writelines(self, lines):
for line in lines:
self.write(line)
def __del__(self):
try:
self.detach()
except Exception:
pass
def isatty(self):
# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issue/1803
return self._stream.isatty()
class _FixupStream(object):
"""The new io interface needs more from streams than streams
traditionally implement. As such, this fix-up code is necessary in
some circumstances.
"""
def __init__(self, stream):
self._stream = stream
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._stream, name)
def read1(self, size):
f = getattr(self._stream, 'read1', None)
if f is not None:
return f(size)
# We only dispatch to readline instead of read in Python 2 as we
# do not want cause problems with the different implementation
# of line buffering.
if PY2:
return self._stream.readline(size)
return self._stream.read(size)
def readable(self):
x = getattr(self._stream, 'readable', None)
if x is not None:
return x()
try:
self._stream.read(0)
except Exception:
return False
return True
def writable(self):
x = getattr(self._stream, 'writable', None)
if x is not None:
return x()
try:
self._stream.write('')
except Exception:
try:
self._stream.write(b'')
except Exception:
return False
return True
def seekable(self):
x = getattr(self._stream, 'seekable', None)
if x is not None:
return x()
try:
self._stream.seek(self._stream.tell())
except Exception:
return False
return True
if PY2:
text_type = unicode
bytes = str
raw_input = raw_input
string_types = (str, unicode)
iteritems = lambda x: x.iteritems()
range_type = xrange
def is_bytes(x):
return isinstance(x, (buffer, bytearray))
_identifier_re = re.compile(r'^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$')
# For Windows, we need to force stdout/stdin/stderr to binary if it's
# fetched for that. This obviously is not the most correct way to do
# it as it changes global state. Unfortunately, there does not seem to
# be a clear better way to do it as just reopening the file in binary
# mode does not change anything.
#
# An option would be to do what Python 3 does and to open the file as
# binary only, patch it back to the system, and then use a wrapper
# stream that converts newlines. It's not quite clear what's the
# correct option here.
#
# This code also lives in _winconsole for the fallback to the console
# emulation stream.
#
# There are also Windows environments where the `msvcrt` module is not
# available (which is why we use try-catch instead of the WIN variable
# here), such as the Google App Engine development server on Windows. In
# those cases there is just nothing we can do.
try:
import msvcrt
except ImportError:
set_binary_mode = lambda x: x
else:
def set_binary_mode(f):
try:
fileno = f.fileno()
except Exception:
pass
else:
msvcrt.setmode(fileno, os.O_BINARY)
return f
def isidentifier(x):
return _identifier_re.search(x) is not None
def get_binary_stdin():
return set_binary_mode(sys.stdin)
def get_binary_stdout():
return set_binary_mode(sys.stdout)
def get_binary_stderr():
return set_binary_mode(sys.stderr)
def get_text_stdin(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _make_text_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
def get_text_stdout(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _make_text_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
def get_text_stderr(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _make_text_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
def filename_to_ui(value):
if isinstance(value, bytes):
value = value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding(), 'replace')
return value
else:
import io
text_type = str
raw_input = input
string_types = (str,)
range_type = range
isidentifier = lambda x: x.isidentifier()
iteritems = lambda x: iter(x.items())
def is_bytes(x):
return isinstance(x, (bytes, memoryview, bytearray))
def _is_binary_reader(stream, default=False):
try:
return isinstance(stream.read(0), bytes)
except Exception:
return default
# This happens in some cases where the stream was already
# closed. In this case, we assume the default.
def _is_binary_writer(stream, default=False):
try:
stream.write(b'')
except Exception:
try:
stream.write('')
return False
except Exception:
pass
return default
return True
def _find_binary_reader(stream):
# We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
# This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
# the streams to get binary streams. Some code might do this, so
# we need to deal with this case explicitly.
if _is_binary_reader(stream, False):
return stream
buf = getattr(stream, 'buffer', None)
# Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
# actually binary in case it's closed.
if buf is not None and _is_binary_reader(buf, True):
return buf
def _find_binary_writer(stream):
# We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
# This can happen because the official docs recommend detatching
# the streams to get binary streams. Some code might do this, so
# we need to deal with this case explicitly.
if _is_binary_writer(stream, False):
return stream
buf = getattr(stream, 'buffer', None)
# Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
# actually binary in case it's closed.
if buf is not None and _is_binary_writer(buf, True):
return buf
def _stream_is_misconfigured(stream):
"""A stream is misconfigured if its encoding is ASCII."""
# If the stream does not have an encoding set, we assume it's set
# to ASCII. This appears to happen in certain unittest
# environments. It's not quite clear what the correct behavior is
# but this at least will force Click to recover somehow.
return is_ascii_encoding(getattr(stream, 'encoding', None) or 'ascii')
def _is_compatible_text_stream(stream, encoding, errors):
stream_encoding = getattr(stream, 'encoding', None)
stream_errors = getattr(stream, 'errors', None)
# Perfect match.
if stream_encoding == encoding and stream_errors == errors:
return True
# Otherwise, it's only a compatible stream if we did not ask for
# an encoding.
if encoding is None:
return stream_encoding is not None
return False
def _force_correct_text_reader(text_reader, encoding, errors):
if _is_binary_reader(text_reader, False):
binary_reader = text_reader
else:
# If there is no target encoding set, we need to verify that the
# reader is not actually misconfigured.
if encoding is None and not _stream_is_misconfigured(text_reader):
return text_reader
if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_reader, encoding, errors):
return text_reader
# If the reader has no encoding, we try to find the underlying
# binary reader for it. If that fails because the environment is
# misconfigured, we silently go with the same reader because this
# is too common to happen. In that case, mojibake is better than
# exceptions.
binary_reader = _find_binary_reader(text_reader)
if binary_reader is None:
return text_reader
# At this point, we default the errors to replace instead of strict
# because nobody handles those errors anyways and at this point
# we're so fundamentally fucked that nothing can repair it.
if errors is None:
errors = 'replace'
return _make_text_stream(binary_reader, encoding, errors)
def _force_correct_text_writer(text_writer, encoding, errors):
if _is_binary_writer(text_writer, False):
binary_writer = text_writer
else:
# If there is no target encoding set, we need to verify that the
# writer is not actually misconfigured.
if encoding is None and not _stream_is_misconfigured(text_writer):
return text_writer
if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_writer, encoding, errors):
return text_writer
# If the writer has no encoding, we try to find the underlying
# binary writer for it. If that fails because the environment is
# misconfigured, we silently go with the same writer because this
# is too common to happen. In that case, mojibake is better than
# exceptions.
binary_writer = _find_binary_writer(text_writer)
if binary_writer is None:
return text_writer
# At this point, we default the errors to replace instead of strict
# because nobody handles those errors anyways and at this point
# we're so fundamentally fucked that nothing can repair it.
if errors is None:
errors = 'replace'
return _make_text_stream(binary_writer, encoding, errors)
def get_binary_stdin():
reader = _find_binary_reader(sys.stdin)
if reader is None:
raise RuntimeError('Was not able to determine binary '
'stream for sys.stdin.')
return reader
def get_binary_stdout():
writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stdout)
if writer is None:
raise RuntimeError('Was not able to determine binary '
'stream for sys.stdout.')
return writer
def get_binary_stderr():
writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stderr)
if writer is None:
raise RuntimeError('Was not able to determine binary '
'stream for sys.stderr.')
return writer
def get_text_stdin(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _force_correct_text_reader(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
def get_text_stdout(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
def get_text_stderr(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
def filename_to_ui(value):
if isinstance(value, bytes):
value = value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding(), 'replace')
else:
value = value.encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape') \
.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
return value
def get_streerror(e, default=None):
if hasattr(e, 'strerror'):
msg = e.strerror
else:
if default is not None:
msg = default
else:
msg = str(e)
if isinstance(msg, bytes):
msg = msg.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
return msg
def open_stream(filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict',
atomic=False):
# Standard streams first. These are simple because they don't need
# special handling for the atomic flag. It's entirely ignored.
if filename == '-':
if 'w' in mode:
if 'b' in mode:
return get_binary_stdout(), False
return get_text_stdout(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
if 'b' in mode:
return get_binary_stdin(), False
return get_text_stdin(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
# Non-atomic writes directly go out through the regular open functions.
if not atomic:
if encoding is None:
return open(filename, mode), True
return io.open(filename, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors), True
# Some usability stuff for atomic writes
if 'a' in mode:
raise ValueError(
'Appending to an existing file is not supported, because that '
'would involve an expensive `copy`-operation to a temporary '
'file. Open the file in normal `w`-mode and copy explicitly '
'if that\'s what you\'re after.'
)
if 'x' in mode:
raise ValueError('Use the `overwrite`-parameter instead.')
if 'w' not in mode:
raise ValueError('Atomic writes only make sense with `w`-mode.')
# Atomic writes are more complicated. They work by opening a file
# as a proxy in the same folder and then using the fdopen
# functionality to wrap it in a Python file. Then we wrap it in an
# atomic file that moves the file over on close.
import tempfile
fd, tmp_filename = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=os.path.dirname(filename),
prefix='.__atomic-write')
if encoding is not None:
f = io.open(fd, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
else:
f = os.fdopen(fd, mode)
return _AtomicFile(f, tmp_filename, filename), True
# Used in a destructor call, needs extra protection from interpreter cleanup.
if hasattr(os, 'replace'):
_replace = os.replace
_can_replace = True
else:
_replace = os.rename
_can_replace = not WIN
class _AtomicFile(object):
def __init__(self, f, tmp_filename, real_filename):
self._f = f
self._tmp_filename = tmp_filename
self._real_filename = real_filename
self.closed = False
@property
def name(self):
return self._real_filename
def close(self, delete=False):
if self.closed:
return
self._f.close()
if not _can_replace:
try:
os.remove(self._real_filename)
except OSError:
pass
_replace(self._tmp_filename, self._real_filename)
self.closed = True
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._f, name)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.close(delete=exc_type is not None)
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._f)
auto_wrap_for_ansi = None
colorama = None
get_winterm_size = None
def strip_ansi(value):
return _ansi_re.sub('', value)
def should_strip_ansi(stream=None, color=None):
if color is None:
if stream is None:
stream = sys.stdin
return not isatty(stream)
return not color
# If we're on Windows, we provide transparent integration through
# colorama. This will make ANSI colors through the echo function
# work automatically.
if WIN:
# Windows has a smaller terminal
DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 79
from ._winconsole import _get_windows_console_stream
def _get_argv_encoding():
import locale
return locale.getpreferredencoding()
if PY2:
def raw_input(prompt=''):
sys.stderr.flush()
if prompt:
stdout = _default_text_stdout()
stdout.write(prompt)
stdin = _default_text_stdin()
return stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
try:
import colorama
except ImportError:
pass
else:
_ansi_stream_wrappers = WeakKeyDictionary()
def auto_wrap_for_ansi(stream, color=None):
"""This function wraps a stream so that calls through colorama
are issued to the win32 console API to recolor on demand. It
also ensures to reset the colors if a write call is interrupted
to not destroy the console afterwards.
"""
try:
cached = _ansi_stream_wrappers.get(stream)
except Exception:
cached = None
if cached is not None:
return cached
strip = should_strip_ansi(stream, color)
ansi_wrapper = colorama.AnsiToWin32(stream, strip=strip)
rv = ansi_wrapper.stream
_write = rv.write
def _safe_write(s):
try:
return _write(s)
except:
ansi_wrapper.reset_all()
raise
rv.write = _safe_write
try:
_ansi_stream_wrappers[stream] = rv
except Exception:
pass
return rv
def get_winterm_size():
win = colorama.win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
colorama.win32.STDOUT).srWindow
return win.Right - win.Left, win.Bottom - win.Top
else:
def _get_argv_encoding():
return getattr(sys.stdin, 'encoding', None) or get_filesystem_encoding()
_get_windows_console_stream = lambda *x: None
def term_len(x):
return len(strip_ansi(x))
def isatty(stream):
try:
return stream.isatty()
except Exception:
return False
def _make_cached_stream_func(src_func, wrapper_func):
cache = WeakKeyDictionary()
def func():
stream = src_func()
try:
rv = cache.get(stream)
except Exception:
rv = None
if rv is not None:
return rv
rv = wrapper_func()
try:
cache[stream] = rv
except Exception:
pass
return rv
return func
_default_text_stdin = _make_cached_stream_func(
lambda: sys.stdin, get_text_stdin)
_default_text_stdout = _make_cached_stream_func(
lambda: sys.stdout, get_text_stdout)
_default_text_stderr = _make_cached_stream_func(
lambda: sys.stderr, get_text_stderr)
binary_streams = {
'stdin': get_binary_stdin,
'stdout': get_binary_stdout,
'stderr': get_binary_stderr,
}
text_streams = {
'stdin': get_text_stdin,
'stdout': get_text_stdout,
'stderr': get_text_stderr,
}

547
click/_termui_impl.py
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"""
click._termui_impl
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the
import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is placed
in this module and only imported as needed.
:copyright: (c) 2014 by Armin Ronacher.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import os
import sys
import time
import math
from ._compat import _default_text_stdout, range_type, PY2, isatty, \
open_stream, strip_ansi, term_len, get_best_encoding, WIN
from .utils import echo
from .exceptions import ClickException
if os.name == 'nt':
BEFORE_BAR = '\r'
AFTER_BAR = '\n'
else:
BEFORE_BAR = '\r\033[?25l'
AFTER_BAR = '\033[?25h\n'
def _length_hint(obj):
"""Returns the length hint of an object."""
try:
return len(obj)
except (AttributeError, TypeError):
try:
get_hint = type(obj).__length_hint__
except AttributeError:
return None
try:
hint = get_hint(obj)
except TypeError:
return None
if hint is NotImplemented or \
not isinstance(hint, (int, long)) or \
hint < 0:
return None
return hint
class ProgressBar(object):
def __init__(self, iterable, length=None, fill_char='#', empty_char=' ',
bar_template='%(bar)s', info_sep=' ', show_eta=True,
show_percent=None, show_pos=False, item_show_func=None,
label=None, file=None, color=None, width=30):
self.fill_char = fill_char
self.empty_char = empty_char
self.bar_template = bar_template
self.info_sep = info_sep
self.show_eta = show_eta
self.show_percent = show_percent
self.show_pos = show_pos
self.item_show_func = item_show_func
self.label = label or ''
if file is None:
file = _default_text_stdout()
self.file = file
self.color = color
self.width = width
self.autowidth = width == 0
if length is None:
length = _length_hint(iterable)
if iterable is None:
if length is None:
raise TypeError('iterable or length is required')
iterable = range_type(length)
self.iter = iter(iterable)
self.length = length
self.length_known = length is not None
self.pos = 0
self.avg = []
self.start = self.last_eta = time.time()
self.eta_known = False
self.finished = False
self.max_width = None
self.entered = False
self.current_item = None
self.is_hidden = not isatty(self.file)
self._last_line = None
def __enter__(self):
self.entered = True
self.render_progress()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.render_finish()
def __iter__(self):
if not self.entered:
raise RuntimeError('You need to use progress bars in a with block.')
self.render_progress()
return self
def render_finish(self):
if self.is_hidden:
return
self.file.write(AFTER_BAR)
self.file.flush()
@property
def pct(self):
if self.finished:
return 1.0
return min(self.pos / (float(self.length) or 1), 1.0)
@property
def time_per_iteration(self):
if not self.avg:
return 0.0
return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg))
@property
def eta(self):
if self.length_known and not self.finished:
return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos)
return 0.0
def format_eta(self):
if self.eta_known:
t = self.eta + 1
seconds = t % 60
t /= 60
minutes = t % 60
t /= 60
hours = t % 24
t /= 24
if t > 0:
days = t
return '%dd %02d:%02d:%02d' % (days, hours, minutes, seconds)
else:
return '%02d:%02d:%02d' % (hours, minutes, seconds)
return ''
def format_pos(self):
pos = str(self.pos)
if self.length_known:
pos += '/%s' % self.length
return pos
def format_pct(self):
return ('% 4d%%' % int(self.pct * 100))[1:]
def format_progress_line(self):
show_percent = self.show_percent
info_bits = []
if self.length_known:
bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width)
bar = self.fill_char * bar_length
bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length)
if show_percent is None:
show_percent = not self.show_pos
else:
if self.finished:
bar = self.fill_char * self.width
else:
bar = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1))
if self.time_per_iteration != 0:
bar[int((math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration)
/ 2.0 + 0.5) * self.width)] = self.fill_char
bar = ''.join(bar)
if self.show_pos:
info_bits.append(self.format_pos())
if show_percent:
info_bits.append(self.format_pct())
if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished:
info_bits.append(self.format_eta())
if self.item_show_func is not None:
item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item)
if item_info is not None:
info_bits.append(item_info)
return (self.bar_template % {
'label': self.label,
'bar': bar,
'info': self.info_sep.join(info_bits)
}).rstrip()
def render_progress(self):
from .termui import get_terminal_size
nl = False
if self.is_hidden:
buf = [self.label]
nl = True
else:
buf = []
# Update width in case the terminal has been resized
if self.autowidth:
old_width = self.width
self.width = 0
clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line())
new_width = max(0, get_terminal_size()[0] - clutter_length)
if new_width < old_width:
buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
buf.append(' ' * self.max_width)
self.max_width = new_width
self.width = new_width
clear_width = self.width
if self.max_width is not None:
clear_width = self.max_width
buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
line = self.format_progress_line()
line_len = term_len(line)
if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len:
self.max_width = line_len
buf.append(line)
buf.append(' ' * (clear_width - line_len))
line = ''.join(buf)
# Render the line only if it changed.
if line != self._last_line:
self._last_line = line
echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=nl)
self.file.flush()
def make_step(self, n_steps):
self.pos += n_steps
if self.length_known and self.pos >= self.length:
self.finished = True
if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0:
return
self.last_eta = time.time()
self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [-(self.start - time.time()) / (self.pos)]
self.eta_known = self.length_known
def update(self, n_steps):
self.make_step(n_steps)
self.render_progress()
def finish(self):
self.eta_known = 0
self.current_item = None
self.finished = True
def next(self):
if self.is_hidden:
return next(self.iter)
try:
rv = next(self.iter)
self.current_item = rv
except StopIteration:
self.finish()
self.render_progress()
raise StopIteration()
else:
self.update(1)
return rv
if not PY2:
__next__ = next
del next
def pager(text, color=None):
"""Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
stdout = _default_text_stdout()
if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout):
return _nullpager(stdout, text, color)
pager_cmd = (os.environ.get('PAGER', None) or '').strip()
if pager_cmd:
if WIN:
return _tempfilepager(text, pager_cmd, color)
return _pipepager(text, pager_cmd, color)
if os.environ.get('TERM') in ('dumb', 'emacs'):
return _nullpager(stdout, text, color)
if WIN or sys.platform.startswith('os2'):
return _tempfilepager(text, 'more <', color)
if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('(less) 2>/dev/null') == 0:
return _pipepager(text, 'less', color)
import tempfile
fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
os.close(fd)
try:
if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('more "%s"' % filename) == 0:
return _pipepager(text, 'more', color)
return _nullpager(stdout, text, color)
finally:
os.unlink(filename)
def _pipepager(text, cmd, color):
"""Page through text by feeding it to another program. Invoking a
pager through this might support colors.
"""
import subprocess
env = dict(os.environ)
# If we're piping to less we might support colors under the
# condition that
cmd_detail = cmd.rsplit('/', 1)[-1].split()
if color is None and cmd_detail[0] == 'less':
less_flags = os.environ.get('LESS', '') + ' '.join(cmd_detail[1:])
if not less_flags:
env['LESS'] = '-R'
color = True
elif 'r' in less_flags or 'R' in less_flags:
color = True
if not color:
text = strip_ansi(text)
c = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
env=env)
encoding = get_best_encoding(c.stdin)
try:
c.stdin.write(text.encode(encoding, 'replace'))
c.stdin.close()
except (IOError, KeyboardInterrupt):
pass
# Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting
# search or other commands inside less).
#
# That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates,
# but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal.
#
# If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set
# `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make.
while True:
try:
c.wait()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
else:
break
def _tempfilepager(text, cmd, color):
"""Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file."""
import tempfile
filename = tempfile.mktemp()
if not color:
text = strip_ansi(text)
encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout)
with open_stream(filename, 'wb')[0] as f:
f.write(text.encode(encoding))
try:
os.system(cmd + ' "' + filename + '"')
finally:
os.unlink(filename)
def _nullpager(stream, text, color):
"""Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback."""
if not color:
text = strip_ansi(text)
stream.write(text)
class Editor(object):
def __init__(self, editor=None, env=None, require_save=True,
extension='.txt'):
self.editor = editor
self.env = env
self.require_save = require_save
self.extension = extension
def get_editor(self):
if self.editor is not None:
return self.editor
for key in 'VISUAL', 'EDITOR':
rv = os.environ.get(key)
if rv:
return rv
if WIN:
return 'notepad'
for editor in 'vim', 'nano':
if os.system('which %s >/dev/null 2>&1' % editor) == 0:
return editor
return 'vi'
def edit_file(self, filename):
import subprocess
editor = self.get_editor()
if self.env:
environ = os.environ.copy()
environ.update(self.env)
else:
environ = None
try:
c = subprocess.Popen('%s "%s"' % (editor, filename),
env=environ, shell=True)
exit_code = c.wait()
if exit_code != 0:
raise ClickException('%s: Editing failed!' % editor)
except OSError as e:
raise ClickException('%s: Editing failed: %s' % (editor, e))
def edit(self, text):
import tempfile
text = text or ''
if text and not text.endswith('\n'):
text += '\n'
fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='editor-', suffix=self.extension)
try:
if WIN:
encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
text = text.replace('\n', '\r\n')
else:
encoding = 'utf-8'
text = text.encode(encoding)
f = os.fdopen(fd, 'wb')
f.write(text)
f.close()
timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name)
self.edit_file(name)
if self.require_save \
and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp:
return None
f = open(name, 'rb')
try:
rv = f.read()
finally:
f.close()
return rv.decode('utf-8-sig').replace('\r\n', '\n')
finally:
os.unlink(name)
def open_url(url, wait=False, locate=False):
import subprocess
def _unquote_file(url):
try:
import urllib
except ImportError:
import urllib
if url.startswith('file://'):
url = urllib.unquote(url[7:])
return url
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
args = ['open']
if wait:
args.append('-W')
if locate:
args.append('-R')
args.append(_unquote_file(url))
null = open('/dev/null', 'w')
try:
return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait()
finally:
null.close()
elif WIN:
if locate:
url = _unquote_file(url)
args = 'explorer /select,"%s"' % _unquote_file(
url.replace('"', ''))
else:
args = 'start %s "" "%s"' % (
wait and '/WAIT' or '', url.replace('"', ''))
return os.system(args)
try:
if locate:
url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or '.'
else:
url = _unquote_file(url)
c = subprocess.Popen(['xdg-open', url])
if wait:
return c.wait()
return 0
except OSError:
if url.startswith(('http://', 'https://')) and not locate and not wait:
import webbrowser
webbrowser.open(url)
return 0
return 1
def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch):
if ch == '\x03':
raise KeyboardInterrupt()
if ch == '\x04':
raise EOFError()
if WIN:
import msvcrt
def getchar(echo):
rv = msvcrt.getch()
if echo:
msvcrt.putchar(rv)
_translate_ch_to_exc(rv)
if PY2:
enc = getattr(sys.stdin, 'encoding', None)
if enc is not None:
rv = rv.decode(enc, 'replace')
else:
rv = rv.decode('cp1252', 'replace')
return rv
else:
import tty
import termios
def getchar(echo):
if not isatty(sys.stdin):
f = open('/dev/tty')
fd = f.fileno()
else:
fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
f = None
try:
old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
try:
tty.setraw(fd)
ch = os.read(fd, 32)
if echo and isatty(sys.stdout):
sys.stdout.write(ch)
finally:
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
sys.stdout.flush()
if f is not None:
f.close()
except termios.error:
pass
_translate_ch_to_exc(ch)
return ch.decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), 'replace')

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click/_textwrap.py
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import textwrap
from contextlib import contextmanager
class TextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper):
def _handle_long_word(self, reversed_chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width):
space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1)
if self.break_long_words:
last = reversed_chunks[-1]
cut = last[:space_left]
res = last[space_left:]
cur_line.append(cut)
reversed_chunks[-1] = res
elif not cur_line:
cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())
@contextmanager
def extra_indent(self, indent):
old_initial_indent = self.initial_indent
old_subsequent_indent = self.subsequent_indent
self.initial_indent += indent
self.subsequent_indent += indent
try:
yield
finally:
self.initial_indent = old_initial_indent
self.subsequent_indent = old_subsequent_indent
def indent_only(self, text):
rv = []
for idx, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
indent = self.initial_indent
if idx > 0:
indent = self.subsequent_indent
rv.append(indent + line)
return '\n'.join(rv)

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click/_unicodefun.py
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import os
import sys
import codecs
from ._compat import PY2
# If someone wants to vendor click, we want to ensure the
# correct package is discovered. Ideally we could use a
# relative import here but unfortunately Python does not
# support that.
click = sys.modules[__name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]]
def _find_unicode_literals_frame():
import __future__
frm = sys._getframe(1)
idx = 1
while frm is not None:
if frm.f_globals.get('__name__', '').startswith('click.'):
frm = frm.f_back
idx += 1
elif frm.f_code.co_flags & __future__.unicode_literals.compiler_flag:
return idx
else:
break
return 0
def _check_for_unicode_literals():
if not __debug__:
return
if not PY2 or click.disable_unicode_literals_warning:
return
bad_frame = _find_unicode_literals_frame()
if bad_frame <= 0:
return
from warnings import warn
warn(Warning('Click detected the use of the unicode_literals '
'__future__ import. This is heavily discouraged '
'because it can introduce subtle bugs in your '
'code. You should instead use explicit u"" literals '
'for your unicode strings. For more information see '
'http://click.pocoo.org/python3/'),
stacklevel=bad_frame)
def _verify_python3_env():
"""Ensures that the environment is good for unicode on Python 3."""
if PY2:
return
try:
import locale
fs_enc = codecs.lookup(locale.getpreferredencoding()).name
except Exception:
fs_enc = 'ascii'
if fs_enc != 'ascii':
return
extra = ''
if os.name == 'posix':
import subprocess
rv = subprocess.Popen(['locale', '-a'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
good_locales = set()
has_c_utf8 = False
# Make sure we're operating on text here.
if isinstance(rv, bytes):
rv = rv.decode('ascii', 'replace')
for line in rv.splitlines():
locale = line.strip()
if locale.lower().endswith(('.utf-8', '.utf8')):
good_locales.add(locale)
if locale.lower() in ('c.utf8', 'c.utf-8'):
has_c_utf8 = True
extra += '\n\n'
if not good_locales:
extra += (
'Additional information: on this system no suitable UTF-8\n'
'locales were discovered. This most likely requires resolving\n'
'by reconfiguring the locale system.'
)
elif has_c_utf8:
extra += (
'This system supports the C.UTF-8 locale which is recommended.\n'
'You might be able to resolve your issue by exporting the\n'
'following environment variables:\n\n'
' export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8\n'
' export LANG=C.UTF-8'
)
else:
extra += (
'This system lists a couple of UTF-8 supporting locales that\n'
'you can pick from. The following suitable locales where\n'
'discovered: %s'
) % ', '.join(sorted(good_locales))
bad_locale = None
for locale in os.environ.get('LC_ALL'), os.environ.get('LANG'):
if locale and locale.lower().endswith(('.utf-8', '.utf8')):
bad_locale = locale
if locale is not None:
break
if bad_locale is not None:
extra += (
'\n\nClick discovered that you exported a UTF-8 locale\n'
'but the locale system could not pick up from it because\n'
'it does not exist. The exported locale is "%s" but it\n'
'is not supported'
) % bad_locale
raise RuntimeError('Click will abort further execution because Python 3 '
'was configured to use ASCII as encoding for the '
'environment. Consult http://click.pocoo.org/python3/'
'for mitigation steps.' + extra)

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click/_winconsole.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# This module is based on the excellent work by Adam Bartoš who
# provided a lot of what went into the implementation here in
# the discussion to issue1602 in the Python bug tracker.
#
# There are some general differences in regards to how this works
# compared to the original patches as we do not need to patch
# the entire interpreter but just work in our little world of
# echo and prmopt.
import io
import os
import sys
import zlib
import time
import ctypes
import msvcrt
from click._compat import _NonClosingTextIOWrapper, text_type, PY2
from ctypes import byref, POINTER, c_int, c_char, c_char_p, \
c_void_p, py_object, c_ssize_t, c_ulong, windll, WINFUNCTYPE
try:
from ctypes import pythonapi
PyObject_GetBuffer = pythonapi.PyObject_GetBuffer
PyBuffer_Release = pythonapi.PyBuffer_Release
except ImportError:
pythonapi = None
from ctypes.wintypes import LPWSTR, LPCWSTR
c_ssize_p = POINTER(c_ssize_t)
kernel32 = windll.kernel32
GetStdHandle = kernel32.GetStdHandle
ReadConsoleW = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
WriteConsoleW = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
GetLastError = kernel32.GetLastError
GetCommandLineW = WINFUNCTYPE(LPWSTR)(
('GetCommandLineW', windll.kernel32))
CommandLineToArgvW = WINFUNCTYPE(
POINTER(LPWSTR), LPCWSTR, POINTER(c_int))(
('CommandLineToArgvW', windll.shell32))
STDIN_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-10)
STDOUT_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-11)
STDERR_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-12)
PyBUF_SIMPLE = 0
PyBUF_WRITABLE = 1
ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = 8
ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED = 995
STDIN_FILENO = 0
STDOUT_FILENO = 1
STDERR_FILENO = 2
EOF = b'\x1a'
MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 32767
class Py_buffer(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
('buf', c_void_p),
('obj', py_object),
('len', c_ssize_t),
('itemsize', c_ssize_t),
('readonly', c_int),
('ndim', c_int),
('format', c_char_p),
('shape', c_ssize_p),
('strides', c_ssize_p),
('suboffsets', c_ssize_p),
('internal', c_void_p)
]
if PY2:
_fields_.insert(-1, ('smalltable', c_ssize_t * 2))
# On PyPy we cannot get buffers so our ability to operate here is
# serverly limited.
if pythonapi is None:
get_buffer = None
else:
def get_buffer(obj, writable=False):
buf = Py_buffer()
flags = PyBUF_WRITABLE if writable else PyBUF_SIMPLE
PyObject_GetBuffer(py_object(obj), byref(buf), flags)
try:
buffer_type = c_char * buf.len
return buffer_type.from_address(buf.buf)
finally:
PyBuffer_Release(byref(buf))
class _WindowsConsoleRawIOBase(io.RawIOBase):
def __init__(self, handle):
self.handle = handle
def isatty(self):
io.RawIOBase.isatty(self)
return True
class _WindowsConsoleReader(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
def readable(self):
return True
def readinto(self, b):
bytes_to_be_read = len(b)
if not bytes_to_be_read:
return 0
elif bytes_to_be_read % 2:
raise ValueError('cannot read odd number of bytes from '
'UTF-16-LE encoded console')
buffer = get_buffer(b, writable=True)
code_units_to_be_read = bytes_to_be_read // 2
code_units_read = c_ulong()
rv = ReadConsoleW(self.handle, buffer, code_units_to_be_read,
byref(code_units_read), None)
if GetLastError() == ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
# wait for KeyboardInterrupt
time.sleep(0.1)
if not rv:
raise OSError('Windows error: %s' % GetLastError())
if buffer[0] == EOF:
return 0
return 2 * code_units_read.value
class _WindowsConsoleWriter(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
def writable(self):
return True
@staticmethod
def _get_error_message(errno):
if errno == ERROR_SUCCESS:
return 'ERROR_SUCCESS'
elif errno == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
return 'ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY'
return 'Windows error %s' % errno
def write(self, b):
bytes_to_be_written = len(b)
buf = get_buffer(b)
code_units_to_be_written = min(bytes_to_be_written,
MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) // 2
code_units_written = c_ulong()
WriteConsoleW(self.handle, buf, code_units_to_be_written,
byref(code_units_written), None)
bytes_written = 2 * code_units_written.value
if bytes_written == 0 and bytes_to_be_written > 0:
raise OSError(self._get_error_message(GetLastError()))
return bytes_written
class ConsoleStream(object):
def __init__(self, text_stream, byte_stream):
self._text_stream = text_stream
self.buffer = byte_stream
@property
def name(self):
return self.buffer.name
def write(self, x):
if isinstance(x, text_type):
return self._text_stream.write(x)
try:
self.flush()
except Exception:
pass
return self.buffer.write(x)
def writelines(self, lines):
for line in lines:
self.write(line)
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._text_stream, name)
def isatty(self):
return self.buffer.isatty()
def __repr__(self):
return '<ConsoleStream name=%r encoding=%r>' % (
self.name,
self.encoding,
)
def _get_text_stdin(buffer_stream):
text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
io.BufferedReader(_WindowsConsoleReader(STDIN_HANDLE)),
'utf-16-le', 'strict', line_buffering=True)
return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream)
def _get_text_stdout(buffer_stream):
text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDOUT_HANDLE),
'utf-16-le', 'strict', line_buffering=True)
return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream)
def _get_text_stderr(buffer_stream):
text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDERR_HANDLE),
'utf-16-le', 'strict', line_buffering=True)
return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream)
if PY2:
def _hash_py_argv():
return zlib.crc32('\x00'.join(sys.argv[1:]))
_initial_argv_hash = _hash_py_argv()
def _get_windows_argv():
argc = c_int(0)
argv_unicode = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), byref(argc))
argv = [argv_unicode[i] for i in range(0, argc.value)]
if not hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
argv = argv[1:]
while len(argv) > 0:
arg = argv[0]
if not arg.startswith('-') or arg == '-':
break
argv = argv[1:]
if arg.startswith(('-c', '-m')):
break
return argv[1:]
_stream_factories = {
0: _get_text_stdin,
1: _get_text_stdout,
2: _get_text_stderr,
}
def _get_windows_console_stream(f, encoding, errors):
if get_buffer is not None and \
encoding in ('utf-16-le', None) \
and errors in ('strict', None) and \
hasattr(f, 'isatty') and f.isatty():
func = _stream_factories.get(f.fileno())
if func is not None:
if not PY2:
f = getattr(f, 'buffer')
if f is None:
return None
else:
# If we are on Python 2 we need to set the stream that we
# deal with to binary mode as otherwise the exercise if a
# bit moot. The same problems apply as for
# get_binary_stdin and friends from _compat.
msvcrt.setmode(f.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
return func(f)

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click/decorators.py
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import sys
import inspect
from functools import update_wrapper
from ._compat import iteritems
from ._unicodefun import _check_for_unicode_literals
from .utils import echo
from .globals import get_current_context
def pass_context(f):
"""Marks a callback as wanting to receive the current context
object as first argument.
"""
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
def pass_obj(f):
"""Similar to :func:`pass_context`, but only pass the object on the
context onwards (:attr:`Context.obj`). This is useful if that object
represents the state of a nested system.
"""
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
return f(get_current_context().obj, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
def make_pass_decorator(object_type, ensure=False):
"""Given an object type this creates a decorator that will work
similar to :func:`pass_obj` but instead of passing the object of the
current context, it will find the innermost context of type
:func:`object_type`.
This generates a decorator that works roughly like this::
from functools import update_wrapper
def decorator(f):
@pass_context
def new_func(ctx, *args, **kwargs):
obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
return decorator
:param object_type: the type of the object to pass.
:param ensure: if set to `True`, a new object will be created and
remembered on the context if it's not there yet.
"""
def decorator(f):
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
ctx = get_current_context()
if ensure:
obj = ctx.ensure_object(object_type)
else:
obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
if obj is None:
raise RuntimeError('Managed to invoke callback without a '
'context object of type %r existing'
% object_type.__name__)
return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args[1:], **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
return decorator
def _make_command(f, name, attrs, cls):
if isinstance(f, Command):
raise TypeError('Attempted to convert a callback into a '
'command twice.')
try:
params = f.__click_params__
params.reverse()
del f.__click_params__
except AttributeError:
params = []
help = attrs.get('help')
if help is None:
help = inspect.getdoc(f)
if isinstance(help, bytes):
help = help.decode('utf-8')
else:
help = inspect.cleandoc(help)
attrs['help'] = help
_check_for_unicode_literals()
return cls(name=name or f.__name__.lower(),
callback=f, params=params, **attrs)
def command(name=None, cls=None, **attrs):
"""Creates a new :class:`Command` and uses the decorated function as
callback. This will also automatically attach all decorated
:func:`option`\s and :func:`argument`\s as parameters to the command.
The name of the command defaults to the name of the function. If you
want to change that, you can pass the intended name as the first
argument.
All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying command class.
Once decorated the function turns into a :class:`Command` instance
that can be invoked as a command line utility or be attached to a
command :class:`Group`.
:param name: the name of the command. This defaults to the function
name.
:param cls: the command class to instantiate. This defaults to
:class:`Command`.
"""
if cls is None:
cls = Command
def decorator(f):
cmd = _make_command(f, name, attrs, cls)
cmd.__doc__ = f.__doc__
return cmd
return decorator
def group(name=None, **attrs):
"""Creates a new :class:`Group` with a function as callback. This
works otherwise the same as :func:`command` just that the `cls`
parameter is set to :class:`Group`.
"""
attrs.setdefault('cls', Group)
return command(name, **attrs)
def _param_memo(f, param):
if isinstance(f, Command):
f.params.append(param)
else:
if not hasattr(f, '__click_params__'):
f.__click_params__ = []
f.__click_params__.append(param)
def argument(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Attaches an argument to the command. All positional arguments are
passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Argument`; all keyword
arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Argument` instance manually
and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
:param cls: the argument class to instantiate. This defaults to
:class:`Argument`.
"""
def decorator(f):
ArgumentClass = attrs.pop('cls', Argument)
_param_memo(f, ArgumentClass(param_decls, **attrs))
return f
return decorator
def option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Attaches an option to the command. All positional arguments are
passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Option`; all keyword
arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Option` instance manually
and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
:param cls: the option class to instantiate. This defaults to
:class:`Option`.
"""
def decorator(f):
if 'help' in attrs:
attrs['help'] = inspect.cleandoc(attrs['help'])
OptionClass = attrs.pop('cls', Option)
_param_memo(f, OptionClass(param_decls, **attrs))
return f
return decorator
def confirmation_option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Shortcut for confirmation prompts that can be ignored by passing
``--yes`` as parameter.
This is equivalent to decorating a function with :func:`option` with
the following parameters::
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if not value:
ctx.abort()
@click.command()
@click.option('--yes', is_flag=True, callback=callback,
expose_value=False, prompt='Do you want to continue?')
def dropdb():
pass
"""
def decorator(f):
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if not value:
ctx.abort()
attrs.setdefault('is_flag', True)
attrs.setdefault('callback', callback)
attrs.setdefault('expose_value', False)
attrs.setdefault('prompt', 'Do you want to continue?')
attrs.setdefault('help', 'Confirm the action without prompting.')
return option(*(param_decls or ('--yes',)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
def password_option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Shortcut for password prompts.
This is equivalent to decorating a function with :func:`option` with
the following parameters::
@click.command()
@click.option('--password', prompt=True, confirmation_prompt=True,
hide_input=True)
def changeadmin(password):
pass
"""
def decorator(f):
attrs.setdefault('prompt', True)
attrs.setdefault('confirmation_prompt', True)
attrs.setdefault('hide_input', True)
return option(*(param_decls or ('--password',)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
def version_option(version=None, *param_decls, **attrs):
"""Adds a ``--version`` option which immediately ends the program
printing out the version number. This is implemented as an eager
option that prints the version and exits the program in the callback.
:param version: the version number to show. If not provided Click
attempts an auto discovery via setuptools.
:param prog_name: the name of the program (defaults to autodetection)
:param message: custom message to show instead of the default
(``'%(prog)s, version %(version)s'``)
:param others: everything else is forwarded to :func:`option`.
"""
if version is None:
module = sys._getframe(1).f_globals.get('__name__')
def decorator(f):
prog_name = attrs.pop('prog_name', None)
message = attrs.pop('message', '%(prog)s, version %(version)s')
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
return
prog = prog_name
if prog is None:
prog = ctx.find_root().info_name
ver = version
if ver is None:
try:
import pkg_resources
except ImportError:
pass
else:
for dist in pkg_resources.working_set:
scripts = dist.get_entry_map().get('console_scripts') or {}
for script_name, entry_point in iteritems(scripts):
if entry_point.module_name == module:
ver = dist.version
break
if ver is None:
raise RuntimeError('Could not determine version')
echo(message % {
'prog': prog,
'version': ver,
}, color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
attrs.setdefault('is_flag', True)
attrs.setdefault('expose_value', False)
attrs.setdefault('is_eager', True)
attrs.setdefault('help', 'Show the version and exit.')
attrs['callback'] = callback
return option(*(param_decls or ('--version',)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
def help_option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Adds a ``--help`` option which immediately ends the program
printing out the help page. This is usually unnecessary to add as
this is added by default to all commands unless suppressed.
Like :func:`version_option`, this is implemented as eager option that
prints in the callback and exits.
All arguments are forwarded to :func:`option`.
"""
def decorator(f):
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
attrs.setdefault('is_flag', True)
attrs.setdefault('expose_value', False)
attrs.setdefault('help', 'Show this message and exit.')
attrs.setdefault('is_eager', True)
attrs['callback'] = callback
return option(*(param_decls or ('--help',)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
# Circular dependencies between core and decorators
from .core import Command, Group, Argument, Option

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click/exceptions.py
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from ._compat import PY2, filename_to_ui, get_text_stderr
from .utils import echo
class ClickException(Exception):
"""An exception that Click can handle and show to the user."""
#: The exit code for this exception
exit_code = 1
def __init__(self, message):
if PY2:
if message is not None:
message = message.encode('utf-8')
Exception.__init__(self, message)
self.message = message
def format_message(self):
return self.message
def show(self, file=None):
if file is None:
file = get_text_stderr()
echo('Error: %s' % self.format_message(), file=file)
class UsageError(ClickException):
"""An internal exception that signals a usage error. This typically
aborts any further handling.
:param message: the error message to display.
:param ctx: optionally the context that caused this error. Click will
fill in the context automatically in some situations.
"""
exit_code = 2
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None):
ClickException.__init__(self, message)
self.ctx = ctx
def show(self, file=None):
if file is None:
file = get_text_stderr()
color = None
if self.ctx is not None:
color = self.ctx.color
echo(self.ctx.get_usage() + '\n', file=file, color=color)
echo('Error: %s' % self.format_message(), file=file, color=color)
class BadParameter(UsageError):
"""An exception that formats out a standardized error message for a
bad parameter. This is useful when thrown from a callback or type as
Click will attach contextual information to it (for instance, which
parameter it is).
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param param: the parameter object that caused this error. This can
be left out, and Click will attach this info itself
if possible.
:param param_hint: a string that shows up as parameter name. This
can be used as alternative to `param` in cases
where custom validation should happen. If it is
a string it's used as such, if it's a list then
each item is quoted and separated.
"""
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None, param=None,
param_hint=None):
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
self.param = param
self.param_hint = param_hint
def format_message(self):
if self.param_hint is not None:
param_hint = self.param_hint
elif self.param is not None:
param_hint = self.param.opts or [self.param.human_readable_name]
else:
return 'Invalid value: %s' % self.message
if isinstance(param_hint, (tuple, list)):
param_hint = ' / '.join('"%s"' % x for x in param_hint)
return 'Invalid value for %s: %s' % (param_hint, self.message)
class MissingParameter(BadParameter):
"""Raised if click required an option or argument but it was not
provided when invoking the script.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
:param param_type: a string that indicates the type of the parameter.
The default is to inherit the parameter type from
the given `param`. Valid values are ``'parameter'``,
``'option'`` or ``'argument'``.
"""
def __init__(self, message=None, ctx=None, param=None,
param_hint=None, param_type=None):
BadParameter.__init__(self, message, ctx, param, param_hint)
self.param_type = param_type
def format_message(self):
if self.param_hint is not None:
param_hint = self.param_hint
elif self.param is not None:
param_hint = self.param.opts or [self.param.human_readable_name]
else:
param_hint = None
if isinstance(param_hint, (tuple, list)):
param_hint = ' / '.join('"%s"' % x for x in param_hint)
param_type = self.param_type
if param_type is None and self.param is not None:
param_type = self.param.param_type_name
msg = self.message
if self.param is not None:
msg_extra = self.param.type.get_missing_message(self.param)
if msg_extra:
if msg:
msg += '. ' + msg_extra
else:
msg = msg_extra
return 'Missing %s%s%s%s' % (
param_type,
param_hint and ' %s' % param_hint or '',
msg and '. ' or '.',
msg or '',
)
class NoSuchOption(UsageError):
"""Raised if click attempted to handle an option that does not
exist.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
"""
def __init__(self, option_name, message=None, possibilities=None,
ctx=None):
if message is None:
message = 'no such option: %s' % option_name
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
self.option_name = option_name
self.possibilities = possibilities
def format_message(self):
bits = [self.message]
if self.possibilities:
if len(self.possibilities) == 1:
bits.append('Did you mean %s?' % self.possibilities[0])
else:
possibilities = sorted(self.possibilities)
bits.append('(Possible options: %s)' % ', '.join(possibilities))
return ' '.join(bits)
class BadOptionUsage(UsageError):
"""Raised if an option is generally supplied but the use of the option
was incorrect. This is for instance raised if the number of arguments
for an option is not correct.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
"""
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None):
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
class BadArgumentUsage(UsageError):
"""Raised if an argument is generally supplied but the use of the argument
was incorrect. This is for instance raised if the number of values
for an argument is not correct.
.. versionadded:: 6.0
"""
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None):
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
class FileError(ClickException):
"""Raised if a file cannot be opened."""
def __init__(self, filename, hint=None):
ui_filename = filename_to_ui(filename)
if hint is None:
hint = 'unknown error'
ClickException.__init__(self, hint)
self.ui_filename = ui_filename
self.filename = filename
def format_message(self):
return 'Could not open file %s: %s' % (self.ui_filename, self.message)
class Abort(RuntimeError):
"""An internal signalling exception that signals Click to abort."""

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from contextlib import contextmanager
from .termui import get_terminal_size
from .parser import split_opt
from ._compat import term_len
# Can force a width. This is used by the test system
FORCED_WIDTH = None
def measure_table(rows):
widths = {}
for row in rows:
for idx, col in enumerate(row):
widths[idx] = max(widths.get(idx, 0), term_len(col))
return tuple(y for x, y in sorted(widths.items()))
def iter_rows(rows, col_count):
for row in rows:
row = tuple(row)
yield row + ('',) * (col_count - len(row))
def wrap_text(text, width=78, initial_indent='', subsequent_indent='',
preserve_paragraphs=False):
"""A helper function that intelligently wraps text. By default, it
assumes that it operates on a single paragraph of text but if the
`preserve_paragraphs` parameter is provided it will intelligently
handle paragraphs (defined by two empty lines).
If paragraphs are handled, a paragraph can be prefixed with an empty
line containing the ``\\b`` character (``\\x08``) to indicate that
no rewrapping should happen in that block.
:param text: the text that should be rewrapped.
:param width: the maximum width for the text.
:param initial_indent: the initial indent that should be placed on the
first line as a string.
:param subsequent_indent: the indent string that should be placed on
each consecutive line.
:param preserve_paragraphs: if this flag is set then the wrapping will
intelligently handle paragraphs.
"""
from ._textwrap import TextWrapper
text = text.expandtabs()
wrapper = TextWrapper(width, initial_indent=initial_indent,
subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent,
replace_whitespace=False)
if not preserve_paragraphs:
return wrapper.fill(text)
p = []
buf = []
indent = None
def _flush_par():
if not buf:
return
if buf[0].strip() == '\b':
p.append((indent or 0, True, '\n'.join(buf[1:])))
else:
p.append((indent or 0, False, ' '.join(buf)))
del buf[:]
for line in text.splitlines():
if not line:
_flush_par()
indent = None
else:
if indent is None:
orig_len = term_len(line)
line = line.lstrip()
indent = orig_len - term_len(line)
buf.append(line)
_flush_par()
rv = []
for indent, raw, text in p:
with wrapper.extra_indent(' ' * indent):
if raw:
rv.append(wrapper.indent_only(text))
else:
rv.append(wrapper.fill(text))
return '\n\n'.join(rv)
class HelpFormatter(object):
"""This class helps with formatting text-based help pages. It's
usually just needed for very special internal cases, but it's also
exposed so that developers can write their own fancy outputs.
At present, it always writes into memory.
:param indent_increment: the additional increment for each level.
:param width: the width for the text. This defaults to the terminal
width clamped to a maximum of 78.
"""
def __init__(self, indent_increment=2, width=None, max_width=None):
self.indent_increment = indent_increment
if max_width is None:
max_width = 80
if width is None:
width = FORCED_WIDTH
if width is None:
width = max(min(get_terminal_size()[0], max_width) - 2, 50)
self.width = width
self.current_indent = 0
self.buffer = []
def write(self, string):
"""Writes a unicode string into the internal buffer."""
self.buffer.append(string)
def indent(self):
"""Increases the indentation."""
self.current_indent += self.indent_increment
def dedent(self):
"""Decreases the indentation."""
self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment
def write_usage(self, prog, args='', prefix='Usage: '):
"""Writes a usage line into the buffer.
:param prog: the program name.
:param args: whitespace separated list of arguments.
:param prefix: the prefix for the first line.
"""
usage_prefix = '%*s%s ' % (self.current_indent, prefix, prog)
text_width = self.width - self.current_indent
if text_width >= (term_len(usage_prefix) + 20):
# The arguments will fit to the right of the prefix.
indent = ' ' * term_len(usage_prefix)
self.write(wrap_text(args, text_width,
initial_indent=usage_prefix,
subsequent_indent=indent))
else:
# The prefix is too long, put the arguments on the next line.
self.write(usage_prefix)
self.write('\n')
indent = ' ' * (max(self.current_indent, term_len(prefix)) + 4)
self.write(wrap_text(args, text_width,
initial_indent=indent,
subsequent_indent=indent))
self.write('\n')
def write_heading(self, heading):
"""Writes a heading into the buffer."""
self.write('%*s%s:\n' % (self.current_indent, '', heading))
def write_paragraph(self):
"""Writes a paragraph into the buffer."""
if self.buffer:
self.write('\n')
def write_text(self, text):
"""Writes re-indented text into the buffer. This rewraps and
preserves paragraphs.
"""
text_width = max(self.width - self.current_indent, 11)
indent = ' ' * self.current_indent
self.write(wrap_text(text, text_width,
initial_indent=indent,
subsequent_indent=indent,
preserve_paragraphs=True))
self.write('\n')
def write_dl(self, rows, col_max=30, col_spacing=2):
"""Writes a definition list into the buffer. This is how options
and commands are usually formatted.
:param rows: a list of two item tuples for the terms and values.
:param col_max: the maximum width of the first column.
:param col_spacing: the number of spaces between the first and
second column.
"""
rows = list(rows)
widths = measure_table(rows)
if len(widths) != 2:
raise TypeError('Expected two columns for definition list')
first_col = min(widths[0], col_max) + col_spacing
for first, second in iter_rows(rows, len(widths)):
self.write('%*s%s' % (self.current_indent, '', first))
if not second:
self.write('\n')
continue
if term_len(first) <= first_col - col_spacing:
self.write(' ' * (first_col - term_len(first)))
else:
self.write('\n')
self.write(' ' * (first_col + self.current_indent))
text_width = max(self.width - first_col - 2, 10)
lines = iter(wrap_text(second, text_width).splitlines())
if lines:
self.write(next(lines) + '\n')
for line in lines:
self.write('%*s%s\n' % (
first_col + self.current_indent, '', line))
else:
self.write('\n')
@contextmanager
def section(self, name):
"""Helpful context manager that writes a paragraph, a heading,
and the indents.
:param name: the section name that is written as heading.
"""
self.write_paragraph()
self.write_heading(name)
self.indent()
try:
yield
finally:
self.dedent()
@contextmanager
def indentation(self):
"""A context manager that increases the indentation."""
self.indent()
try:
yield
finally:
self.dedent()
def getvalue(self):
"""Returns the buffer contents."""
return ''.join(self.buffer)
def join_options(options):
"""Given a list of option strings this joins them in the most appropriate
way and returns them in the form ``(formatted_string,
any_prefix_is_slash)`` where the second item in the tuple is a flag that
indicates if any of the option prefixes was a slash.
"""
rv = []
any_prefix_is_slash = False
for opt in options:
prefix = split_opt(opt)[0]
if prefix == '/':
any_prefix_is_slash = True
rv.append((len(prefix), opt))
rv.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
rv = ', '.join(x[1] for x in rv)
return rv, any_prefix_is_slash

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from threading import local
_local = local()
def get_current_context(silent=False):
"""Returns the current click context. This can be used as a way to
access the current context object from anywhere. This is a more implicit
alternative to the :func:`pass_context` decorator. This function is
primarily useful for helpers such as :func:`echo` which might be
interested in changing it's behavior based on the current context.
To push the current context, :meth:`Context.scope` can be used.
.. versionadded:: 5.0
:param silent: is set to `True` the return value is `None` if no context
is available. The default behavior is to raise a
:exc:`RuntimeError`.
"""
try:
return getattr(_local, 'stack')[-1]
except (AttributeError, IndexError):
if not silent:
raise RuntimeError('There is no active click context.')
def push_context(ctx):
"""Pushes a new context to the current stack."""
_local.__dict__.setdefault('stack', []).append(ctx)
def pop_context():
"""Removes the top level from the stack."""
_local.stack.pop()
def resolve_color_default(color=None):
""""Internal helper to get the default value of the color flag. If a
value is passed it's returned unchanged, otherwise it's looked up from
the current context.
"""
if color is not None:
return color
ctx = get_current_context(silent=True)
if ctx is not None:
return ctx.color

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
click.parser
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This module started out as largely a copy paste from the stdlib's
optparse module with the features removed that we do not need from
optparse because we implement them in Click on a higher level (for
instance type handling, help formatting and a lot more).
The plan is to remove more and more from here over time.
The reason this is a different module and not optparse from the stdlib
is that there are differences in 2.x and 3.x about the error messages
generated and optparse in the stdlib uses gettext for no good reason
and might cause us issues.
"""
import re
from collections import deque
from .exceptions import UsageError, NoSuchOption, BadOptionUsage, \
BadArgumentUsage
def _unpack_args(args, nargs_spec):
"""Given an iterable of arguments and an iterable of nargs specifications,
it returns a tuple with all the unpacked arguments at the first index
and all remaining arguments as the second.
The nargs specification is the number of arguments that should be consumed
or `-1` to indicate that this position should eat up all the remainders.
Missing items are filled with `None`.
"""
args = deque(args)
nargs_spec = deque(nargs_spec)
rv = []
spos = None
def _fetch(c):
try:
if spos is None:
return c.popleft()
else:
return c.pop()
except IndexError:
return None
while nargs_spec:
nargs = _fetch(nargs_spec)
if nargs == 1:
rv.append(_fetch(args))
elif nargs > 1:
x = [_fetch(args) for _ in range(nargs)]
# If we're reversed, we're pulling in the arguments in reverse,
# so we need to turn them around.
if spos is not None:
x.reverse()
rv.append(tuple(x))
elif nargs < 0:
if spos is not None:
raise TypeError('Cannot have two nargs < 0')
spos = len(rv)
rv.append(None)
# spos is the position of the wildcard (star). If it's not `None`,
# we fill it with the remainder.
if spos is not None:
rv[spos] = tuple(args)
args = []
rv[spos + 1:] = reversed(rv[spos + 1:])
return tuple(rv), list(args)
def _error_opt_args(nargs, opt):
if nargs == 1:
raise BadOptionUsage('%s option requires an argument' % opt)
raise BadOptionUsage('%s option requires %d arguments' % (opt, nargs))
def split_opt(opt):
first = opt[:1]
if first.isalnum():
return '', opt
if opt[1:2] == first:
return opt[:2], opt[2:]
return first, opt[1:]
def normalize_opt(opt, ctx):
if ctx is None or ctx.token_normalize_func is None:
return opt
prefix, opt = split_opt(opt)
return prefix + ctx.token_normalize_func(opt)
def split_arg_string(string):
"""Given an argument string this attempts to split it into small parts."""
rv = []
for match in re.finditer(r"('([^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*)'"
r'|"([^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*)"'
r'|\S+)\s*', string, re.S):
arg = match.group().strip()
if arg[:1] == arg[-1:] and arg[:1] in '"\'':
arg = arg[1:-1].encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace') \
.decode('unicode-escape')
try:
arg = type(string)(arg)
except UnicodeError:
pass
rv.append(arg)
return rv
class Option(object):
def __init__(self, opts, dest, action=None, nargs=1, const=None, obj=None):
self._short_opts = []
self._long_opts = []
self.prefixes = set()
for opt in opts:
prefix, value = split_opt(opt)
if not prefix:
raise ValueError('Invalid start character for option (%s)'
% opt)
self.prefixes.add(prefix[0])
if len(prefix) == 1 and len(value) == 1:
self._short_opts.append(opt)
else:
self._long_opts.append(opt)
self.prefixes.add(prefix)
if action is None:
action = 'store'
self.dest = dest
self.action = action
self.nargs = nargs
self.const = const
self.obj = obj
@property
def takes_value(self):
return self.action in ('store', 'append')
def process(self, value, state):
if self.action == 'store':
state.opts[self.dest] = value
elif self.action == 'store_const':
state.opts[self.dest] = self.const
elif self.action == 'append':
state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(value)
elif self.action == 'append_const':
state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(self.const)
elif self.action == 'count':
state.opts[self.dest] = state.opts.get(self.dest, 0) + 1
else:
raise ValueError('unknown action %r' % self.action)
state.order.append(self.obj)
class Argument(object):
def __init__(self, dest, nargs=1, obj=None):
self.dest = dest
self.nargs = nargs
self.obj = obj
def process(self, value, state):
if self.nargs > 1:
holes = sum(1 for x in value if x is None)
if holes == len(value):
value = None
elif holes != 0:
raise BadArgumentUsage('argument %s takes %d values'
% (self.dest, self.nargs))
state.opts[self.dest] = value
state.order.append(self.obj)
class ParsingState(object):
def __init__(self, rargs):
self.opts = {}
self.largs = []
self.rargs = rargs
self.order = []
class OptionParser(object):
"""The option parser is an internal class that is ultimately used to
parse options and arguments. It's modelled after optparse and brings
a similar but vastly simplified API. It should generally not be used
directly as the high level Click classes wrap it for you.
It's not nearly as extensible as optparse or argparse as it does not
implement features that are implemented on a higher level (such as
types or defaults).
:param ctx: optionally the :class:`~click.Context` where this parser
should go with.
"""
def __init__(self, ctx=None):
#: The :class:`~click.Context` for this parser. This might be
#: `None` for some advanced use cases.
self.ctx = ctx
#: This controls how the parser deals with interspersed arguments.
#: If this is set to `False`, the parser will stop on the first
#: non-option. Click uses this to implement nested subcommands
#: safely.
self.allow_interspersed_args = True
#: This tells the parser how to deal with unknown options. By
#: default it will error out (which is sensible), but there is a
#: second mode where it will ignore it and continue processing
#: after shifting all the unknown options into the resulting args.
self.ignore_unknown_options = False
if ctx is not None:
self.allow_interspersed_args = ctx.allow_interspersed_args
self.ignore_unknown_options = ctx.ignore_unknown_options
self._short_opt = {}
self._long_opt = {}
self._opt_prefixes = set(['-', '--'])
self._args = []
def add_option(self, opts, dest, action=None, nargs=1, const=None,
obj=None):
"""Adds a new option named `dest` to the parser. The destination
is not inferred (unlike with optparse) and needs to be explicitly
provided. Action can be any of ``store``, ``store_const``,
``append``, ``appnd_const`` or ``count``.
The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
that is returned from the parser.
"""
if obj is None:
obj = dest
opts = [normalize_opt(opt, self.ctx) for opt in opts]
option = Option(opts, dest, action=action, nargs=nargs,
const=const, obj=obj)
self._opt_prefixes.update(option.prefixes)
for opt in option._short_opts:
self._short_opt[opt] = option
for opt in option._long_opts:
self._long_opt[opt] = option
def add_argument(self, dest, nargs=1, obj=None):
"""Adds a positional argument named `dest` to the parser.
The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
that is returned from the parser.
"""
if obj is None:
obj = dest
self._args.append(Argument(dest=dest, nargs=nargs, obj=obj))
def parse_args(self, args):
"""Parses positional arguments and returns ``(values, args, order)``
for the parsed options and arguments as well as the leftover
arguments if there are any. The order is a list of objects as they
appear on the command line. If arguments appear multiple times they
will be memorized multiple times as well.
"""
state = ParsingState(args)
try:
self._process_args_for_options(state)
self._process_args_for_args(state)
except UsageError:
if self.ctx is None or not self.ctx.resilient_parsing:
raise
return state.opts, state.largs, state.order
def _process_args_for_args(self, state):
pargs, args = _unpack_args(state.largs + state.rargs,
[x.nargs for x in self._args])
for idx, arg in enumerate(self._args):
arg.process(pargs[idx], state)
state.largs = args
state.rargs = []
def _process_args_for_options(self, state):
while state.rargs:
arg = state.rargs.pop(0)
arglen = len(arg)
# Double dashes always handled explicitly regardless of what
# prefixes are valid.
if arg == '--':
return
elif arg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes and arglen > 1:
self._process_opts(arg, state)
elif self.allow_interspersed_args:
state.largs.append(arg)
else:
state.rargs.insert(0, arg)
return
# Say this is the original argument list:
# [arg0, arg1, ..., arg(i-1), arg(i), arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
# ^
# (we are about to process arg(i)).
#
# Then rargs is [arg(i), ..., arg(N-1)] and largs is a *subset* of
# [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)] (any options and their arguments will have
# been removed from largs).
#
# The while loop will usually consume 1 or more arguments per pass.
# If it consumes 1 (eg. arg is an option that takes no arguments),
# then after _process_arg() is done the situation is:
#
# largs = subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i)]
# rargs = [arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
#
# If allow_interspersed_args is false, largs will always be
# *empty* -- still a subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)], but
# not a very interesting subset!
def _match_long_opt(self, opt, explicit_value, state):
if opt not in self._long_opt:
possibilities = [word for word in self._long_opt
if word.startswith(opt)]
raise NoSuchOption(opt, possibilities=possibilities)
option = self._long_opt[opt]
if option.takes_value:
# At this point it's safe to modify rargs by injecting the
# explicit value, because no exception is raised in this
# branch. This means that the inserted value will be fully
# consumed.
if explicit_value is not None:
state.rargs.insert(0, explicit_value)
nargs = option.nargs
if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
_error_opt_args(nargs, opt)
elif nargs == 1:
value = state.rargs.pop(0)
else:
value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
del state.rargs[:nargs]
elif explicit_value is not None:
raise BadOptionUsage('%s option does not take a value' % opt)
else:
value = None
option.process(value, state)
def _match_short_opt(self, arg, state):
stop = False
i = 1
prefix = arg[0]
unknown_options = []
for ch in arg[1:]:
opt = normalize_opt(prefix + ch, self.ctx)
option = self._short_opt.get(opt)
i += 1
if not option:
if self.ignore_unknown_options:
unknown_options.append(ch)
continue
raise NoSuchOption(opt)
if option.takes_value:
# Any characters left in arg? Pretend they're the
# next arg, and stop consuming characters of arg.
if i < len(arg):
state.rargs.insert(0, arg[i:])
stop = True
nargs = option.nargs
if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
_error_opt_args(nargs, opt)
elif nargs == 1:
value = state.rargs.pop(0)
else:
value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
del state.rargs[:nargs]
else:
value = None
option.process(value, state)
if stop:
break
# If we got any unknown options we re-combinate the string of the
# remaining options and re-attach the prefix, then report that
# to the state as new larg. This way there is basic combinatorics
# that can be achieved while still ignoring unknown arguments.
if self.ignore_unknown_options and unknown_options:
state.largs.append(prefix + ''.join(unknown_options))
def _process_opts(self, arg, state):
explicit_value = None
# Long option handling happens in two parts. The first part is
# supporting explicitly attached values. In any case, we will try
# to long match the option first.
if '=' in arg:
long_opt, explicit_value = arg.split('=', 1)
else:
long_opt = arg
norm_long_opt = normalize_opt(long_opt, self.ctx)
# At this point we will match the (assumed) long option through
# the long option matching code. Note that this allows options
# like "-foo" to be matched as long options.
try:
self._match_long_opt(norm_long_opt, explicit_value, state)
except NoSuchOption:
# At this point the long option matching failed, and we need
# to try with short options. However there is a special rule
# which says, that if we have a two character options prefix
# (applies to "--foo" for instance), we do not dispatch to the
# short option code and will instead raise the no option
# error.
if arg[:2] not in self._opt_prefixes:
return self._match_short_opt(arg, state)
if not self.ignore_unknown_options:
raise
state.largs.append(arg)

539
click/termui.py
Unescape View File

@ -1,539 +0,0 @@
import os
import sys
import struct
from ._compat import raw_input, text_type, string_types, \
isatty, strip_ansi, get_winterm_size, DEFAULT_COLUMNS, WIN
from .utils import echo
from .exceptions import Abort, UsageError
from .types import convert_type
from .globals import resolve_color_default
# The prompt functions to use. The doc tools currently override these
# functions to customize how they work.
visible_prompt_func = raw_input
_ansi_colors = ('black', 'red', 'green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'magenta',
'cyan', 'white', 'reset')
_ansi_reset_all = '\033[0m'
def hidden_prompt_func(prompt):
import getpass
return getpass.getpass(prompt)
def _build_prompt(text, suffix, show_default=False, default=None):
prompt = text
if default is not None and show_default:
prompt = '%s [%s]' % (prompt, default)
return prompt + suffix
def prompt(text, default=None, hide_input=False,
confirmation_prompt=False, type=None,
value_proc=None, prompt_suffix=': ',
show_default=True, err=False):
"""Prompts a user for input. This is a convenience function that can
be used to prompt a user for input later.
If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal, this
function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
.. versionadded:: 6.0
Added unicode support for cmd.exe on Windows.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `err` parameter.
:param text: the text to show for the prompt.
:param default: the default value to use if no input happens. If this
is not given it will prompt until it's aborted.
:param hide_input: if this is set to true then the input value will
be hidden.
:param confirmation_prompt: asks for confirmation for the value.
:param type: the type to use to check the value against.
:param value_proc: if this parameter is provided it's a function that
is invoked instead of the type conversion to
convert a value.
:param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
:param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
:param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``, the same as with echo.
"""
result = None
def prompt_func(text):
f = hide_input and hidden_prompt_func or visible_prompt_func
try:
# Write the prompt separately so that we get nice
# coloring through colorama on Windows
echo(text, nl=False, err=err)
return f('')
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
# getpass doesn't print a newline if the user aborts input with ^C.
# Allegedly this behavior is inherited from getpass(3).
# A doc bug has been filed at https://bugs.python.org/issue24711
if hide_input:
echo(None, err=err)
raise Abort()
if value_proc is None:
value_proc = convert_type(type, default)
prompt = _build_prompt(text, prompt_suffix, show_default, default)
while 1:
while 1:
value = prompt_func(prompt)
if value:
break
# If a default is set and used, then the confirmation
# prompt is always skipped because that's the only thing
# that really makes sense.
elif default is not None:
return default
try:
result = value_proc(value)
except UsageError as e:
echo('Error: %s' % e.message, err=err)
continue
if not confirmation_prompt:
return result
while 1:
value2 = prompt_func('Repeat for confirmation: ')
if value2:
break
if value == value2:
return result
echo('Error: the two entered values do not match', err=err)
def confirm(text, default=False, abort=False, prompt_suffix=': ',
show_default=True, err=False):
"""Prompts for confirmation (yes/no question).
If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal this
function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `err` parameter.
:param text: the question to ask.
:param default: the default for the prompt.
:param abort: if this is set to `True` a negative answer aborts the
exception by raising :exc:`Abort`.
:param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
:param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
:param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``, the same as with echo.
"""
prompt = _build_prompt(text, prompt_suffix, show_default,
default and 'Y/n' or 'y/N')
while 1:
try:
# Write the prompt separately so that we get nice
# coloring through colorama on Windows
echo(prompt, nl=False, err=err)
value = visible_prompt_func('').lower().strip()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
raise Abort()
if value in ('y', 'yes'):
rv = True
elif value in ('n', 'no'):
rv = False
elif value == '':
rv = default
else:
echo('Error: invalid input', err=err)
continue
break
if abort and not rv:
raise Abort()
return rv
def get_terminal_size():
"""Returns the current size of the terminal as tuple in the form
``(width, height)`` in columns and rows.
"""
# If shutil has get_terminal_size() (Python 3.3 and later) use that
if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
import shutil
shutil_get_terminal_size = getattr(shutil, 'get_terminal_size', None)
if shutil_get_terminal_size:
sz = shutil_get_terminal_size()
return sz.columns, sz.lines
if get_winterm_size is not None:
return get_winterm_size()
def ioctl_gwinsz(fd):
try:
import fcntl
import termios
cr = struct.unpack(
'hh', fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, '1234'))
except Exception:
return
return cr
cr = ioctl_gwinsz(0) or ioctl_gwinsz(1) or ioctl_gwinsz(2)
if not cr:
try:
fd = os.open(os.ctermid(), os.O_RDONLY)
try:
cr = ioctl_gwinsz(fd)
finally:
os.close(fd)
except Exception:
pass
if not cr or not cr[0] or not cr[1]:
cr = (os.environ.get('LINES', 25),
os.environ.get('COLUMNS', DEFAULT_COLUMNS))
return int(cr[1]), int(cr[0])
def echo_via_pager(text, color=None):
"""This function takes a text and shows it via an environment specific
pager on stdout.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Added the `color` flag.
:param text: the text to page.
:param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection.
"""
color = resolve_color_default(color)
if not isinstance(text, string_types):
text = text_type(text)
from ._termui_impl import pager
return pager(text + '\n', color)
def progressbar(iterable=None, length=None, label=None, show_eta=True,
show_percent=None, show_pos=False,
item_show_func=None, fill_char='#', empty_char='-',
bar_template='%(label)s [%(bar)s] %(info)s',
info_sep=' ', width=36, file=None, color=None):
"""This function creates an iterable context manager that can be used
to iterate over something while showing a progress bar. It will
either iterate over the `iterable` or `length` items (that are counted
up). While iteration happens, this function will print a rendered
progress bar to the given `file` (defaults to stdout) and will attempt
to calculate remaining time and more. By default, this progress bar
will not be rendered if the file is not a terminal.
The context manager creates the progress bar. When the context
manager is entered the progress bar is already displayed. With every
iteration over the progress bar, the iterable passed to the bar is
advanced and the bar is updated. When the context manager exits,
a newline is printed and the progress bar is finalized on screen.
No printing must happen or the progress bar will be unintentionally
destroyed.
Example usage::
with progressbar(items) as bar:
for item in bar:
do_something_with(item)
Alternatively, if no iterable is specified, one can manually update the
progress bar through the `update()` method instead of directly
iterating over the progress bar. The update method accepts the number
of steps to increment the bar with::
with progressbar(length=chunks.total_bytes) as bar:
for chunk in chunks:
process_chunk(chunk)
bar.update(chunks.bytes)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `color` parameter. Added a `update` method to the
progressbar object.
:param iterable: an iterable to iterate over. If not provided the length
is required.
:param length: the number of items to iterate over. By default the
progressbar will attempt to ask the iterator about its
length, which might or might not work. If an iterable is
also provided this parameter can be used to override the
length. If an iterable is not provided the progress bar
will iterate over a range of that length.
:param label: the label to show next to the progress bar.
:param show_eta: enables or disables the estimated time display. This is
automatically disabled if the length cannot be
determined.
:param show_percent: enables or disables the percentage display. The
default is `True` if the iterable has a length or
`False` if not.
:param show_pos: enables or disables the absolute position display. The
default is `False`.
:param item_show_func: a function called with the current item which
can return a string to show the current item
next to the progress bar. Note that the current
item can be `None`!
:param fill_char: the character to use to show the filled part of the
progress bar.
:param empty_char: the character to use to show the non-filled part of
the progress bar.
:param bar_template: the format string to use as template for the bar.
The parameters in it are ``label`` for the label,
``bar`` for the progress bar and ``info`` for the
info section.
:param info_sep: the separator between multiple info items (eta etc.)
:param width: the width of the progress bar in characters, 0 means full
terminal width
:param file: the file to write to. If this is not a terminal then
only the label is printed.
:param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection. This is only needed if ANSI
codes are included anywhere in the progress bar output
which is not the case by default.
"""
from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
color = resolve_color_default(color)
return ProgressBar(iterable=iterable, length=length, show_eta=show_eta,
show_percent=show_percent, show_pos=show_pos,
item_show_func=item_show_func, fill_char=fill_char,
empty_char=empty_char, bar_template=bar_template,
info_sep=info_sep, file=file, label=label,
width=width, color=color)
def clear():
"""Clears the terminal screen. This will have the effect of clearing
the whole visible space of the terminal and moving the cursor to the
top left. This does not do anything if not connected to a terminal.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
"""
if not isatty(sys.stdout):
return
# If we're on Windows and we don't have colorama available, then we
# clear the screen by shelling out. Otherwise we can use an escape
# sequence.
if WIN:
os.system('cls')
else:
sys.stdout.write('\033[2J\033[1;1H')
def style(text, fg=None, bg=None, bold=None, dim=None, underline=None,
blink=None, reverse=None, reset=True):
"""Styles a text with ANSI styles and returns the new string. By
default the styling is self contained which means that at the end
of the string a reset code is issued. This can be prevented by
passing ``reset=False``.
Examples::
click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
click.echo(click.style('ATTENTION!', blink=True))
click.echo(click.style('Some things', reverse=True, fg='cyan'))
Supported color names:
* ``black`` (might be a gray)
* ``red``
* ``green``
* ``yellow`` (might be an orange)
* ``blue``
* ``magenta``
* ``cyan``
* ``white`` (might be light gray)
* ``reset`` (reset the color code only)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param text: the string to style with ansi codes.
:param fg: if provided this will become the foreground color.
:param bg: if provided this will become the background color.
:param bold: if provided this will enable or disable bold mode.
:param dim: if provided this will enable or disable dim mode. This is
badly supported.
:param underline: if provided this will enable or disable underline.
:param blink: if provided this will enable or disable blinking.
:param reverse: if provided this will enable or disable inverse
rendering (foreground becomes background and the
other way round).
:param reset: by default a reset-all code is added at the end of the
string which means that styles do not carry over. This
can be disabled to compose styles.
"""
bits = []
if fg:
try:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (_ansi_colors.index(fg) + 30))
except ValueError:
raise TypeError('Unknown color %r' % fg)
if bg:
try:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (_ansi_colors.index(bg) + 40))
except ValueError:
raise TypeError('Unknown color %r' % bg)
if bold is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (1 if bold else 22))
if dim is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (2 if dim else 22))
if underline is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (4 if underline else 24))
if blink is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (5 if blink else 25))
if reverse is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (7 if reverse else 27))
bits.append(text)
if reset:
bits.append(_ansi_reset_all)
return ''.join(bits)
def unstyle(text):
"""Removes ANSI styling information from a string. Usually it's not
necessary to use this function as Click's echo function will
automatically remove styling if necessary.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param text: the text to remove style information from.
"""
return strip_ansi(text)
def secho(text, file=None, nl=True, err=False, color=None, **styles):
"""This function combines :func:`echo` and :func:`style` into one
call. As such the following two calls are the same::
click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green')
click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying functions
depending on which one they go with.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
"""
return echo(style(text, **styles), file=file, nl=nl, err=err, color=color)
def edit(text=None, editor=None, env=None, require_save=True,
extension='.txt', filename=None):
r"""Edits the given text in the defined editor. If an editor is given
(should be the full path to the executable but the regular operating
system search path is used for finding the executable) it overrides
the detected editor. Optionally, some environment variables can be
used. If the editor is closed without changes, `None` is returned. In
case a file is edited directly the return value is always `None` and
`require_save` and `extension` are ignored.
If the editor cannot be opened a :exc:`UsageError` is raised.
Note for Windows: to simplify cross-platform usage, the newlines are
automatically converted from POSIX to Windows and vice versa. As such,
the message here will have ``\n`` as newline markers.
:param text: the text to edit.
:param editor: optionally the editor to use. Defaults to automatic
detection.
:param env: environment variables to forward to the editor.
:param require_save: if this is true, then not saving in the editor
will make the return value become `None`.
:param extension: the extension to tell the editor about. This defaults
to `.txt` but changing this might change syntax
highlighting.
:param filename: if provided it will edit this file instead of the
provided text contents. It will not use a temporary
file as an indirection in that case.
"""
from ._termui_impl import Editor
editor = Editor(editor=editor, env=env, require_save=require_save,
extension=extension)
if filename is None:
return editor.edit(text)
editor.edit_file(filename)
def launch(url, wait=False, locate=False):
"""This function launches the given URL (or filename) in the default
viewer application for this file type. If this is an executable, it
might launch the executable in a new session. The return value is
the exit code of the launched application. Usually, ``0`` indicates
success.
Examples::
click.launch('http://click.pocoo.org/')
click.launch('/my/downloaded/file', locate=True)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param url: URL or filename of the thing to launch.
:param wait: waits for the program to stop.
:param locate: if this is set to `True` then instead of launching the
application associated with the URL it will attempt to
launch a file manager with the file located. This
might have weird effects if the URL does not point to
the filesystem.
"""
from ._termui_impl import open_url
return open_url(url, wait=wait, locate=locate)
# If this is provided, getchar() calls into this instead. This is used
# for unittesting purposes.
_getchar = None
def getchar(echo=False):
"""Fetches a single character from the terminal and returns it. This
will always return a unicode character and under certain rare
circumstances this might return more than one character. The
situations which more than one character is returned is when for
whatever reason multiple characters end up in the terminal buffer or
standard input was not actually a terminal.
Note that this will always read from the terminal, even if something
is piped into the standard input.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param echo: if set to `True`, the character read will also show up on
the terminal. The default is to not show it.
"""
f = _getchar
if f is None:
from ._termui_impl import getchar as f
return f(echo)
def pause(info='Press any key to continue ...', err=False):
"""This command stops execution and waits for the user to press any
key to continue. This is similar to the Windows batch "pause"
command. If the program is not run through a terminal, this command
will instead do nothing.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `err` parameter.
:param info: the info string to print before pausing.
:param err: if set to message goes to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``, the same as with echo.
"""
if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(sys.stdout):
return
try:
if info:
echo(info, nl=False, err=err)
try:
getchar()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
pass
finally:
if info:
echo(err=err)

322
click/testing.py
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@ -1,322 +0,0 @@
import os
import sys
import shutil
import tempfile
import contextlib
from ._compat import iteritems, PY2
# If someone wants to vendor click, we want to ensure the
# correct package is discovered. Ideally we could use a
# relative import here but unfortunately Python does not
# support that.
clickpkg = sys.modules[__name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]]
if PY2:
from cStringIO import StringIO
else:
import io
from ._compat import _find_binary_reader
class EchoingStdin(object):
def __init__(self, input, output):
self._input = input
self._output = output
def __getattr__(self, x):
return getattr(self._input, x)
def _echo(self, rv):
self._output.write(rv)
return rv
def read(self, n=-1):
return self._echo(self._input.read(n))
def readline(self, n=-1):
return self._echo(self._input.readline(n))
def readlines(self):
return [self._echo(x) for x in self._input.readlines()]
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self._echo(x) for x in self._input)
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._input)
def make_input_stream(input, charset):
# Is already an input stream.
if hasattr(input, 'read'):
if PY2:
return input
rv = _find_binary_reader(input)
if rv is not None:
return rv
raise TypeError('Could not find binary reader for input stream.')
if input is None:
input = b''
elif not isinstance(input, bytes):
input = input.encode(charset)
if PY2:
return StringIO(input)
return io.BytesIO(input)
class Result(object):
"""Holds the captured result of an invoked CLI script."""
def __init__(self, runner, output_bytes, exit_code, exception,
exc_info=None):
#: The runner that created the result
self.runner = runner
#: The output as bytes.
self.output_bytes = output_bytes
#: The exit code as integer.
self.exit_code = exit_code
#: The exception that happend if one did.
self.exception = exception
#: The traceback
self.exc_info = exc_info
@property
def output(self):
"""The output as unicode string."""
return self.output_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, 'replace') \
.replace('\r\n', '\n')
def __repr__(self):
return '<Result %s>' % (
self.exception and repr(self.exception) or 'okay',
)
class CliRunner(object):
"""The CLI runner provides functionality to invoke a Click command line
script for unittesting purposes in a isolated environment. This only
works in single-threaded systems without any concurrency as it changes the
global interpreter state.
:param charset: the character set for the input and output data. This is
UTF-8 by default and should not be changed currently as
the reporting to Click only works in Python 2 properly.
:param env: a dictionary with environment variables for overriding.
:param echo_stdin: if this is set to `True`, then reading from stdin writes
to stdout. This is useful for showing examples in
some circumstances. Note that regular prompts
will automatically echo the input.
"""
def __init__(self, charset=None, env=None, echo_stdin=False):
if charset is None:
charset = 'utf-8'
self.charset = charset
self.env = env or {}
self.echo_stdin = echo_stdin
def get_default_prog_name(self, cli):
"""Given a command object it will return the default program name
for it. The default is the `name` attribute or ``"root"`` if not
set.
"""
return cli.name or 'root'
def make_env(self, overrides=None):
"""Returns the environment overrides for invoking a script."""
rv = dict(self.env)
if overrides:
rv.update(overrides)
return rv
@contextlib.contextmanager
def isolation(self, input=None, env=None, color=False):
"""A context manager that sets up the isolation for invoking of a
command line tool. This sets up stdin with the given input data
and `os.environ` with the overrides from the given dictionary.
This also rebinds some internals in Click to be mocked (like the
prompt functionality).
This is automatically done in the :meth:`invoke` method.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
The ``color`` parameter was added.
:param input: the input stream to put into sys.stdin.
:param env: the environment overrides as dictionary.
:param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
application can still override this explicitly.
"""
input = make_input_stream(input, self.charset)
old_stdin = sys.stdin
old_stdout = sys.stdout
old_stderr = sys.stderr
old_forced_width = clickpkg.formatting.FORCED_WIDTH
clickpkg.formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = 80
env = self.make_env(env)
if PY2:
sys.stdout = sys.stderr = bytes_output = StringIO()
if self.echo_stdin:
input = EchoingStdin(input, bytes_output)
else:
bytes_output = io.BytesIO()
if self.echo_stdin:
input = EchoingStdin(input, bytes_output)
input = io.TextIOWrapper(input, encoding=self.charset)
sys.stdout = sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(
bytes_output, encoding=self.charset)
sys.stdin = input
def visible_input(prompt=None):
sys.stdout.write(prompt or '')
val = input.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
sys.stdout.write(val + '\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
return val
def hidden_input(prompt=None):
sys.stdout.write((prompt or '') + '\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
return input.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
def _getchar(echo):
char = sys.stdin.read(1)
if echo:
sys.stdout.write(char)
sys.stdout.flush()
return char
default_color = color
def should_strip_ansi(stream=None, color=None):
if color is None:
return not default_color
return not color
old_visible_prompt_func = clickpkg.termui.visible_prompt_func
old_hidden_prompt_func = clickpkg.termui.hidden_prompt_func
old__getchar_func = clickpkg.termui._getchar
old_should_strip_ansi = clickpkg.utils.should_strip_ansi
clickpkg.termui.visible_prompt_func = visible_input
clickpkg.termui.hidden_prompt_func = hidden_input
clickpkg.termui._getchar = _getchar
clickpkg.utils.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi
old_env = {}
try:
for key, value in iteritems(env):
old_env[key] = os.environ.get(key)
if value is None:
try:
del os.environ[key]
except Exception:
pass
else:
os.environ[key] = value
yield bytes_output
finally:
for key, value in iteritems(old_env):
if value is None:
try:
del os.environ[key]
except Exception:
pass
else:
os.environ[key] = value
sys.stdout = old_stdout
sys.stderr = old_stderr
sys.stdin = old_stdin
clickpkg.termui.visible_prompt_func = old_visible_prompt_func
clickpkg.termui.hidden_prompt_func = old_hidden_prompt_func
clickpkg.termui._getchar = old__getchar_func
clickpkg.utils.should_strip_ansi = old_should_strip_ansi
clickpkg.formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = old_forced_width
def invoke(self, cli, args=None, input=None, env=None,
catch_exceptions=True, color=False, **extra):
"""Invokes a command in an isolated environment. The arguments are
forwarded directly to the command line script, the `extra` keyword
arguments are passed to the :meth:`~clickpkg.Command.main` function of
the command.
This returns a :class:`Result` object.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
The ``catch_exceptions`` parameter was added.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
The result object now has an `exc_info` attribute with the
traceback if available.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
The ``color`` parameter was added.
:param cli: the command to invoke
:param args: the arguments to invoke
:param input: the input data for `sys.stdin`.
:param env: the environment overrides.
:param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any other exceptions than
``SystemExit``.
:param extra: the keyword arguments to pass to :meth:`main`.
:param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
application can still override this explicitly.
"""
exc_info = None
with self.isolation(input=input, env=env, color=color) as out:
exception = None
exit_code = 0
try:
cli.main(args=args or (),
prog_name=self.get_default_prog_name(cli), **extra)
except SystemExit as e:
if e.code != 0:
exception = e
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
exit_code = e.code
if not isinstance(exit_code, int):
sys.stdout.write(str(exit_code))
sys.stdout.write('\n')
exit_code = 1
except Exception as e:
if not catch_exceptions:
raise
exception = e
exit_code = -1
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
finally:
sys.stdout.flush()
output = out.getvalue()
return Result(runner=self,
output_bytes=output,
exit_code=exit_code,
exception=exception,
exc_info=exc_info)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def isolated_filesystem(self):
"""A context manager that creates a temporary folder and changes
the current working directory to it for isolated filesystem tests.
"""
cwd = os.getcwd()
t = tempfile.mkdtemp()
os.chdir(t)
try:
yield t
finally:
os.chdir(cwd)
try:
shutil.rmtree(t)
except (OSError, IOError):
pass

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click/types.py
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@ -1,550 +0,0 @@
import os
import stat
from ._compat import open_stream, text_type, filename_to_ui, \
get_filesystem_encoding, get_streerror, _get_argv_encoding, PY2
from .exceptions import BadParameter
from .utils import safecall, LazyFile
class ParamType(object):
"""Helper for converting values through types. The following is
necessary for a valid type:
* it needs a name
* it needs to pass through None unchanged
* it needs to convert from a string
* it needs to convert its result type through unchanged
(eg: needs to be idempotent)
* it needs to be able to deal with param and context being `None`.
This can be the case when the object is used with prompt
inputs.
"""
is_composite = False
#: the descriptive name of this type
name = None
#: if a list of this type is expected and the value is pulled from a
#: string environment variable, this is what splits it up. `None`
#: means any whitespace. For all parameters the general rule is that
#: whitespace splits them up. The exception are paths and files which
#: are split by ``os.path.pathsep`` by default (":" on Unix and ";" on
#: Windows).
envvar_list_splitter = None
def __call__(self, value, param=None, ctx=None):
if value is not None:
return self.convert(value, param, ctx)
def get_metavar(self, param):
"""Returns the metavar default for this param if it provides one."""
def get_missing_message(self, param):
"""Optionally might return extra information about a missing
parameter.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
"""
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
"""Converts the value. This is not invoked for values that are
`None` (the missing value).
"""
return value
def split_envvar_value(self, rv):
"""Given a value from an environment variable this splits it up
into small chunks depending on the defined envvar list splitter.
If the splitter is set to `None`, which means that whitespace splits,
then leading and trailing whitespace is ignored. Otherwise, leading
and trailing splitters usually lead to empty items being included.
"""
return (rv or '').split(self.envvar_list_splitter)
def fail(self, message, param=None, ctx=None):
"""Helper method to fail with an invalid value message."""
raise BadParameter(message, ctx=ctx, param=param)
class CompositeParamType(ParamType):
is_composite = True
@property
def arity(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
class FuncParamType(ParamType):
def __init__(self, func):
self.name = func.__name__
self.func = func
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return self.func(value)
except ValueError:
try:
value = text_type(value)
except UnicodeError:
value = str(value).decode('utf-8', 'replace')
self.fail(value, param, ctx)
class UnprocessedParamType(ParamType):
name = 'text'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
return value
def __repr__(self):
return 'UNPROCESSED'
class StringParamType(ParamType):
name = 'text'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if isinstance(value, bytes):
enc = _get_argv_encoding()
try:
value = value.decode(enc)
except UnicodeError:
fs_enc = get_filesystem_encoding()
if fs_enc != enc:
try:
value = value.decode(fs_enc)
except UnicodeError:
value = value.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
return value
return value
def __repr__(self):
return 'STRING'
class Choice(ParamType):
"""The choice type allows a value to be checked against a fixed set of
supported values. All of these values have to be strings.
See :ref:`choice-opts` for an example.
"""
name = 'choice'
def __init__(self, choices):
self.choices = choices
def get_metavar(self, param):
return '[%s]' % '|'.join(self.choices)
def get_missing_message(self, param):
return 'Choose from %s.' % ', '.join(self.choices)
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
# Exact match
if value in self.choices:
return value
# Match through normalization
if ctx is not None and \
ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
value = ctx.token_normalize_func(value)
for choice in self.choices:
if ctx.token_normalize_func(choice) == value:
return choice
self.fail('invalid choice: %s. (choose from %s)' %
(value, ', '.join(self.choices)), param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'Choice(%r)' % list(self.choices)
class IntParamType(ParamType):
name = 'integer'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return int(value)
except (ValueError, UnicodeError):
self.fail('%s is not a valid integer' % value, param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'INT'
class IntRange(IntParamType):
"""A parameter that works similar to :data:`click.INT` but restricts
the value to fit into a range. The default behavior is to fail if the
value falls outside the range, but it can also be silently clamped
between the two edges.
See :ref:`ranges` for an example.
"""
name = 'integer range'
def __init__(self, min=None, max=None, clamp=False):
self.min = min
self.max = max
self.clamp = clamp
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
rv = IntParamType.convert(self, value, param, ctx)
if self.clamp:
if self.min is not None and rv < self.min:
return self.min
if self.max is not None and rv > self.max:
return self.max
if self.min is not None and rv < self.min or \
self.max is not None and rv > self.max:
if self.min is None:
self.fail('%s is bigger than the maximum valid value '
'%s.' % (rv, self.max), param, ctx)
elif self.max is None:
self.fail('%s is smaller than the minimum valid value '
'%s.' % (rv, self.min), param, ctx)
else:
self.fail('%s is not in the valid range of %s to %s.'
% (rv, self.min, self.max), param, ctx)
return rv
def __repr__(self):
return 'IntRange(%r, %r)' % (self.min, self.max)
class BoolParamType(ParamType):
name = 'boolean'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if isinstance(value, bool):
return bool(value)
value = value.lower()
if value in ('true', '1', 'yes', 'y'):
return True
elif value in ('false', '0', 'no', 'n'):
return False
self.fail('%s is not a valid boolean' % value, param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'BOOL'
class FloatParamType(ParamType):
name = 'float'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return float(value)
except (UnicodeError, ValueError):
self.fail('%s is not a valid floating point value' %
value, param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'FLOAT'
class UUIDParameterType(ParamType):
name = 'uuid'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
import uuid
try:
if PY2 and isinstance(value, text_type):
value = value.encode('ascii')
return uuid.UUID(value)
except (UnicodeError, ValueError):
self.fail('%s is not a valid UUID value' % value, param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'UUID'
class File(ParamType):
"""Declares a parameter to be a file for reading or writing. The file
is automatically closed once the context tears down (after the command
finished working).
Files can be opened for reading or writing. The special value ``-``
indicates stdin or stdout depending on the mode.
By default, the file is opened for reading text data, but it can also be
opened in binary mode or for writing. The encoding parameter can be used
to force a specific encoding.
The `lazy` flag controls if the file should be opened immediately or
upon first IO. The default is to be non lazy for standard input and
output streams as well as files opened for reading, lazy otherwise.
Starting with Click 2.0, files can also be opened atomically in which
case all writes go into a separate file in the same folder and upon
completion the file will be moved over to the original location. This
is useful if a file regularly read by other users is modified.
See :ref:`file-args` for more information.
"""
name = 'filename'
envvar_list_splitter = os.path.pathsep
def __init__(self, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict', lazy=None,
atomic=False):
self.mode = mode
self.encoding = encoding
self.errors = errors
self.lazy = lazy
self.atomic = atomic
def resolve_lazy_flag(self, value):
if self.lazy is not None:
return self.lazy
if value == '-':
return False
elif 'w' in self.mode:
return True
return False
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
if hasattr(value, 'read') or hasattr(value, 'write'):
return value
lazy = self.resolve_lazy_flag(value)
if lazy:
f = LazyFile(value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors,
atomic=self.atomic)
if ctx is not None:
ctx.call_on_close(f.close_intelligently)
return f
f, should_close = open_stream(value, self.mode,
self.encoding, self.errors,
atomic=self.atomic)
# If a context is provided, we automatically close the file
# at the end of the context execution (or flush out). If a
# context does not exist, it's the caller's responsibility to
# properly close the file. This for instance happens when the
# type is used with prompts.
if ctx is not None:
if should_close:
ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.close))
else:
ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.flush))
return f
except (IOError, OSError) as e:
self.fail('Could not open file: %s: %s' % (
filename_to_ui(value),
get_streerror(e),
), param, ctx)
class Path(ParamType):
"""The path type is similar to the :class:`File` type but it performs
different checks. First of all, instead of returning an open file
handle it returns just the filename. Secondly, it can perform various
basic checks about what the file or directory should be.
.. versionchanged:: 6.0
`allow_dash` was added.
:param exists: if set to true, the file or directory needs to exist for
this value to be valid. If this is not required and a
file does indeed not exist, then all further checks are
silently skipped.
:param file_okay: controls if a file is a possible value.
:param dir_okay: controls if a directory is a possible value.
:param writable: if true, a writable check is performed.
:param readable: if true, a readable check is performed.
:param resolve_path: if this is true, then the path is fully resolved
before the value is passed onwards. This means
that it's absolute and symlinks are resolved.
:param allow_dash: If this is set to `True`, a single dash to indicate
standard streams is permitted.
:param type: optionally a string type that should be used to
represent the path. The default is `None` which
means the return value will be either bytes or
unicode depending on what makes most sense given the
input data Click deals with.
"""
envvar_list_splitter = os.path.pathsep
def __init__(self, exists=False, file_okay=True, dir_okay=True,
writable=False, readable=True, resolve_path=False,
allow_dash=False, path_type=None):
self.exists = exists
self.file_okay = file_okay
self.dir_okay = dir_okay
self.writable = writable
self.readable = readable
self.resolve_path = resolve_path
self.allow_dash = allow_dash
self.type = path_type
if self.file_okay and not self.dir_okay:
self.name = 'file'
self.path_type = 'File'
if self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay:
self.name = 'directory'
self.path_type = 'Directory'
else:
self.name = 'path'
self.path_type = 'Path'
def coerce_path_result(self, rv):
if self.type is not None and not isinstance(rv, self.type):
if self.type is text_type:
rv = rv.decode(get_filesystem_encoding())
else:
rv = rv.encode(get_filesystem_encoding())
return rv
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
rv = value
is_dash = self.file_okay and self.allow_dash and rv in (b'-', '-')
if not is_dash:
if self.resolve_path:
rv = os.path.realpath(rv)
try:
st = os.stat(rv)
except OSError:
if not self.exists:
return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
self.fail('%s "%s" does not exist.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
if not self.file_okay and stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode):
self.fail('%s "%s" is a file.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
if not self.dir_okay and stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
self.fail('%s "%s" is a directory.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
if self.writable and not os.access(value, os.W_OK):
self.fail('%s "%s" is not writable.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
if self.readable and not os.access(value, os.R_OK):
self.fail('%s "%s" is not readable.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
class Tuple(CompositeParamType):
"""The default behavior of Click is to apply a type on a value directly.
This works well in most cases, except for when `nargs` is set to a fixed
count and different types should be used for different items. In this
case the :class:`Tuple` type can be used. This type can only be used
if `nargs` is set to a fixed number.
For more information see :ref:`tuple-type`.
This can be selected by using a Python tuple literal as a type.
:param types: a list of types that should be used for the tuple items.
"""
def __init__(self, types):
self.types = [convert_type(ty) for ty in types]
@property
def name(self):
return "<" + " ".join(ty.name for ty in self.types) + ">"
@property
def arity(self):
return len(self.types)
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if len(value) != len(self.types):
raise TypeError('It would appear that nargs is set to conflict '
'with the composite type arity.')
return tuple(ty(x, param, ctx) for ty, x in zip(self.types, value))
def convert_type(ty, default=None):
"""Converts a callable or python ty into the most appropriate param
ty.
"""
guessed_type = False
if ty is None and default is not None:
if isinstance(default, tuple):
ty = tuple(map(type, default))
else:
ty = type(default)
guessed_type = True
if isinstance(ty, tuple):
return Tuple(ty)
if isinstance(ty, ParamType):
return ty
if ty is text_type or ty is str or ty is None:
return STRING
if ty is int:
return INT
# Booleans are only okay if not guessed. This is done because for
# flags the default value is actually a bit of a lie in that it
# indicates which of the flags is the one we want. See get_default()
# for more information.
if ty is bool and not guessed_type:
return BOOL
if ty is float:
return FLOAT
if guessed_type:
return STRING
# Catch a common mistake
if __debug__:
try:
if issubclass(ty, ParamType):
raise AssertionError('Attempted to use an uninstantiated '
'parameter type (%s).' % ty)
except TypeError:
pass
return FuncParamType(ty)
#: A dummy parameter type that just does nothing. From a user's
#: perspective this appears to just be the same as `STRING` but internally
#: no string conversion takes place. This is necessary to achieve the
#: same bytes/unicode behavior on Python 2/3 in situations where you want
#: to not convert argument types. This is usually useful when working
#: with file paths as they can appear in bytes and unicode.
#:
#: For path related uses the :class:`Path` type is a better choice but
#: there are situations where an unprocessed type is useful which is why
#: it is is provided.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 4.0
UNPROCESSED = UnprocessedParamType()
#: A unicode string parameter type which is the implicit default. This
#: can also be selected by using ``str`` as type.
STRING = StringParamType()
#: An integer parameter. This can also be selected by using ``int`` as
#: type.
INT = IntParamType()
#: A floating point value parameter. This can also be selected by using
#: ``float`` as type.
FLOAT = FloatParamType()
#: A boolean parameter. This is the default for boolean flags. This can
#: also be selected by using ``bool`` as a type.
BOOL = BoolParamType()
#: A UUID parameter.
UUID = UUIDParameterType()

415
click/utils.py
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@ -1,415 +0,0 @@
import os
import sys
from .globals import resolve_color_default
from ._compat import text_type, open_stream, get_filesystem_encoding, \
get_streerror, string_types, PY2, binary_streams, text_streams, \
filename_to_ui, auto_wrap_for_ansi, strip_ansi, should_strip_ansi, \
_default_text_stdout, _default_text_stderr, is_bytes, WIN
if not PY2:
from ._compat import _find_binary_writer
elif WIN:
from ._winconsole import _get_windows_argv, \
_hash_py_argv, _initial_argv_hash
echo_native_types = string_types + (bytes, bytearray)
def _posixify(name):
return '-'.join(name.split()).lower()
def safecall(func):
"""Wraps a function so that it swallows exceptions."""
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception:
pass
return wrapper
def make_str(value):
"""Converts a value into a valid string."""
if isinstance(value, bytes):
try:
return value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding())
except UnicodeError:
return value.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
return text_type(value)
def make_default_short_help(help, max_length=45):
words = help.split()
total_length = 0
result = []
done = False
for word in words:
if word[-1:] == '.':
done = True
new_length = result and 1 + len(word) or len(word)
if total_length + new_length > max_length:
result.append('...')
done = True
else:
if result:
result.append(' ')
result.append(word)
if done:
break
total_length += new_length
return ''.join(result)
class LazyFile(object):
"""A lazy file works like a regular file but it does not fully open
the file but it does perform some basic checks early to see if the
filename parameter does make sense. This is useful for safely opening
files for writing.
"""
def __init__(self, filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict',
atomic=False):
self.name = filename
self.mode = mode
self.encoding = encoding
self.errors = errors
self.atomic = atomic
if filename == '-':
self._f, self.should_close = open_stream(filename, mode,
encoding, errors)
else:
if 'r' in mode:
# Open and close the file in case we're opening it for
# reading so that we can catch at least some errors in
# some cases early.
open(filename, mode).close()
self._f = None
self.should_close = True
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self.open(), name)
def __repr__(self):
if self._f is not None:
return repr(self._f)
return '<unopened file %r %s>' % (self.name, self.mode)
def open(self):
"""Opens the file if it's not yet open. This call might fail with
a :exc:`FileError`. Not handling this error will produce an error
that Click shows.
"""
if self._f is not None:
return self._f
try:
rv, self.should_close = open_stream(self.name, self.mode,
self.encoding,
self.errors,
atomic=self.atomic)
except (IOError, OSError) as e:
from .exceptions import FileError
raise FileError(self.name, hint=get_streerror(e))
self._f = rv
return rv
def close(self):
"""Closes the underlying file, no matter what."""
if self._f is not None:
self._f.close()
def close_intelligently(self):
"""This function only closes the file if it was opened by the lazy
file wrapper. For instance this will never close stdin.
"""
if self.should_close:
self.close()
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.close_intelligently()
def __iter__(self):
self.open()
return iter(self._f)
class KeepOpenFile(object):
def __init__(self, file):
self._file = file
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._file, name)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
pass
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._file)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self._file)
def echo(message=None, file=None, nl=True, err=False, color=None):
"""Prints a message plus a newline to the given file or stdout. On
first sight, this looks like the print function, but it has improved
support for handling Unicode and binary data that does not fail no
matter how badly configured the system is.
Primarily it means that you can print binary data as well as Unicode
data on both 2.x and 3.x to the given file in the most appropriate way
possible. This is a very carefree function as in that it will try its
best to not fail. As of Click 6.0 this includes support for unicode
output on the Windows console.
In addition to that, if `colorama`_ is installed, the echo function will
also support clever handling of ANSI codes. Essentially it will then
do the following:
- add transparent handling of ANSI color codes on Windows.
- hide ANSI codes automatically if the destination file is not a
terminal.
.. _colorama: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/colorama
.. versionchanged:: 6.0
As of Click 6.0 the echo function will properly support unicode
output on the windows console. Not that click does not modify
the interpreter in any way which means that `sys.stdout` or the
print statement or function will still not provide unicode support.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Starting with version 2.0 of Click, the echo function will work
with colorama if it's installed.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
The `err` parameter was added.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the `color` flag.
:param message: the message to print
:param file: the file to write to (defaults to ``stdout``)
:param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``. This is faster and easier than calling
:func:`get_text_stderr` yourself.
:param nl: if set to `True` (the default) a newline is printed afterwards.
:param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection.
"""
if file is None:
if err:
file = _default_text_stderr()
else:
file = _default_text_stdout()
# Convert non bytes/text into the native string type.
if message is not None and not isinstance(message, echo_native_types):
message = text_type(message)
if nl:
message = message or u''
if isinstance(message, text_type):
message += u'\n'
else:
message += b'\n'
# If there is a message, and we're in Python 3, and the value looks
# like bytes, we manually need to find the binary stream and write the
# message in there. This is done separately so that most stream
# types will work as you would expect. Eg: you can write to StringIO
# for other cases.
if message and not PY2 and is_bytes(message):
binary_file = _find_binary_writer(file)
if binary_file is not None:
file.flush()
binary_file.write(message)
binary_file.flush()
return
# ANSI-style support. If there is no message or we are dealing with
# bytes nothing is happening. If we are connected to a file we want
# to strip colors. If we are on windows we either wrap the stream
# to strip the color or we use the colorama support to translate the
# ansi codes to API calls.
if message and not is_bytes(message):
color = resolve_color_default(color)
if should_strip_ansi(file, color):
message = strip_ansi(message)
elif WIN:
if auto_wrap_for_ansi is not None:
file = auto_wrap_for_ansi(file)
elif not color:
message = strip_ansi(message)
if message:
file.write(message)
file.flush()
def get_binary_stream(name):
"""Returns a system stream for byte processing. This essentially
returns the stream from the sys module with the given name but it
solves some compatibility issues between different Python versions.
Primarily this function is necessary for getting binary streams on
Python 3.
:param name: the name of the stream to open. Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
"""
opener = binary_streams.get(name)
if opener is None:
raise TypeError('Unknown standard stream %r' % name)
return opener()
def get_text_stream(name, encoding=None, errors='strict'):
"""Returns a system stream for text processing. This usually returns
a wrapped stream around a binary stream returned from
:func:`get_binary_stream` but it also can take shortcuts on Python 3
for already correctly configured streams.
:param name: the name of the stream to open. Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
:param encoding: overrides the detected default encoding.
:param errors: overrides the default error mode.
"""
opener = text_streams.get(name)
if opener is None:
raise TypeError('Unknown standard stream %r' % name)
return opener(encoding, errors)
def open_file(filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict',
lazy=False, atomic=False):
"""This is similar to how the :class:`File` works but for manual
usage. Files are opened non lazy by default. This can open regular
files as well as stdin/stdout if ``'-'`` is passed.
If stdin/stdout is returned the stream is wrapped so that the context
manager will not close the stream accidentally. This makes it possible
to always use the function like this without having to worry to
accidentally close a standard stream::
with open_file(filename) as f:
...
.. versionadded:: 3.0
:param filename: the name of the file to open (or ``'-'`` for stdin/stdout).
:param mode: the mode in which to open the file.
:param encoding: the encoding to use.
:param errors: the error handling for this file.
:param lazy: can be flipped to true to open the file lazily.
:param atomic: in atomic mode writes go into a temporary file and it's
moved on close.
"""
if lazy:
return LazyFile(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
f, should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors,
atomic=atomic)
if not should_close:
f = KeepOpenFile(f)
return f
def get_os_args():
"""This returns the argument part of sys.argv in the most appropriate
form for processing. What this means is that this return value is in
a format that works for Click to process but does not necessarily
correspond well to what's actually standard for the interpreter.
On most environments the return value is ``sys.argv[:1]`` unchanged.
However if you are on Windows and running Python 2 the return value
will actually be a list of unicode strings instead because the
default behavior on that platform otherwise will not be able to
carry all possible values that sys.argv can have.
.. versionadded:: 6.0
"""
# We can only extract the unicode argv if sys.argv has not been
# changed since the startup of the application.
if PY2 and WIN and _initial_argv_hash == _hash_py_argv():
return _get_windows_argv()
return sys.argv[1:]
def format_filename(filename, shorten=False):
"""Formats a filename for user display. The main purpose of this
function is to ensure that the filename can be displayed at all. This
will decode the filename to unicode if necessary in a way that it will
not fail. Optionally, it can shorten the filename to not include the
full path to the filename.
:param filename: formats a filename for UI display. This will also convert
the filename into unicode without failing.
:param shorten: this optionally shortens the filename to strip of the
path that leads up to it.
"""
if shorten:
filename = os.path.basename(filename)
return filename_to_ui(filename)
def get_app_dir(app_name, roaming=True, force_posix=False):
r"""Returns the config folder for the application. The default behavior
is to return whatever is most appropriate for the operating system.
To give you an idea, for an app called ``"Foo Bar"``, something like
the following folders could be returned:
Mac OS X:
``~/Library/Application Support/Foo Bar``
Mac OS X (POSIX):
``~/.foo-bar``
Unix:
``~/.config/foo-bar``
Unix (POSIX):
``~/.foo-bar``
Win XP (roaming):
``C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings\Application Data\Foo Bar``
Win XP (not roaming):
``C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Application Data\Foo Bar``
Win 7 (roaming):
``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Foo Bar``
Win 7 (not roaming):
``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Foo Bar``
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param app_name: the application name. This should be properly capitalized
and can contain whitespace.
:param roaming: controls if the folder should be roaming or not on Windows.
Has no affect otherwise.
:param force_posix: if this is set to `True` then on any POSIX system the
folder will be stored in the home folder with a leading
dot instead of the XDG config home or darwin's
application support folder.
"""
if WIN:
key = roaming and 'APPDATA' or 'LOCALAPPDATA'
folder = os.environ.get(key)
if folder is None:
folder = os.path.expanduser('~')
return os.path.join(folder, app_name)
if force_posix:
return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~/.' + _posixify(app_name)))
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(
'~/Library/Application Support'), app_name)
return os.path.join(
os.environ.get('XDG_CONFIG_HOME', os.path.expanduser('~/.config')),
_posixify(app_name))

49
flask/__init__.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask
~~~~~
A microframework based on Werkzeug. It's extensively documented
and follows best practice patterns.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
__version__ = '1.0.2'
# utilities we import from Werkzeug and Jinja2 that are unused
# in the module but are exported as public interface.
from werkzeug.exceptions import abort
from werkzeug.utils import redirect
from jinja2 import Markup, escape
from .app import Flask, Request, Response
from .config import Config
from .helpers import url_for, flash, send_file, send_from_directory, \
get_flashed_messages, get_template_attribute, make_response, safe_join, \
stream_with_context
from .globals import current_app, g, request, session, _request_ctx_stack, \
_app_ctx_stack
from .ctx import has_request_context, has_app_context, \
after_this_request, copy_current_request_context
from .blueprints import Blueprint
from .templating import render_template, render_template_string
# the signals
from .signals import signals_available, template_rendered, request_started, \
request_finished, got_request_exception, request_tearing_down, \
appcontext_tearing_down, appcontext_pushed, \
appcontext_popped, message_flashed, before_render_template
# We're not exposing the actual json module but a convenient wrapper around
# it.
from . import json
# This was the only thing that Flask used to export at one point and it had
# a more generic name.
jsonify = json.jsonify
# backwards compat, goes away in 1.0
from .sessions import SecureCookieSession as Session
json_available = True

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flask/__main__.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.__main__
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Alias for flask.run for the command line.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
from .cli import main
main(as_module=True)

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flask/_compat.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask._compat
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Some py2/py3 compatibility support based on a stripped down
version of six so we don't have to depend on a specific version
of it.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import sys
PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
_identity = lambda x: x
if not PY2:
text_type = str
string_types = (str,)
integer_types = (int,)
iterkeys = lambda d: iter(d.keys())
itervalues = lambda d: iter(d.values())
iteritems = lambda d: iter(d.items())
from inspect import getfullargspec as getargspec
from io import StringIO
def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
raise value
implements_to_string = _identity
else:
text_type = unicode
string_types = (str, unicode)
integer_types = (int, long)
iterkeys = lambda d: d.iterkeys()
itervalues = lambda d: d.itervalues()
iteritems = lambda d: d.iteritems()
from inspect import getargspec
from cStringIO import StringIO
exec('def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):\n raise tp, value, tb')
def implements_to_string(cls):
cls.__unicode__ = cls.__str__
cls.__str__ = lambda x: x.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
return cls
def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
"""Create a base class with a metaclass."""
# This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a
# dummy metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces
# itself with the actual metaclass.
class metaclass(type):
def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
return meta(name, bases, d)
return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {})
# Certain versions of pypy have a bug where clearing the exception stack
# breaks the __exit__ function in a very peculiar way. The second level of
# exception blocks is necessary because pypy seems to forget to check if an
# exception happened until the next bytecode instruction?
#
# Relevant PyPy bugfix commit:
# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/commits/77ecf91c635a287e88e60d8ddb0f4e9df4003301
# According to ronan on #pypy IRC, it is released in PyPy2 2.3 and later
# versions.
#
# Ubuntu 14.04 has PyPy 2.2.1, which does exhibit this bug.
BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT = False
if hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'):
class _Mgr(object):
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, *args):
if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'):
# Python 3 (PyPy3) doesn't have exc_clear
sys.exc_clear()
try:
try:
with _Mgr():
raise AssertionError()
except:
raise
except TypeError:
BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT = True
except AssertionError:
pass

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flask/blueprints.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.blueprints
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Blueprints are the recommended way to implement larger or more
pluggable applications in Flask 0.7 and later.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from functools import update_wrapper
from werkzeug.urls import url_join
from .helpers import _PackageBoundObject, _endpoint_from_view_func
class BlueprintSetupState(object):
"""Temporary holder object for registering a blueprint with the
application. An instance of this class is created by the
:meth:`~flask.Blueprint.make_setup_state` method and later passed
to all register callback functions.
"""
def __init__(self, blueprint, app, options, first_registration):
#: a reference to the current application
self.app = app
#: a reference to the blueprint that created this setup state.
self.blueprint = blueprint
#: a dictionary with all options that were passed to the
#: :meth:`~flask.Flask.register_blueprint` method.
self.options = options
#: as blueprints can be registered multiple times with the
#: application and not everything wants to be registered
#: multiple times on it, this attribute can be used to figure
#: out if the blueprint was registered in the past already.
self.first_registration = first_registration
subdomain = self.options.get('subdomain')
if subdomain is None:
subdomain = self.blueprint.subdomain
#: The subdomain that the blueprint should be active for, ``None``
#: otherwise.
self.subdomain = subdomain
url_prefix = self.options.get('url_prefix')
if url_prefix is None:
url_prefix = self.blueprint.url_prefix
#: The prefix that should be used for all URLs defined on the
#: blueprint.
self.url_prefix = url_prefix
#: A dictionary with URL defaults that is added to each and every
#: URL that was defined with the blueprint.
self.url_defaults = dict(self.blueprint.url_values_defaults)
self.url_defaults.update(self.options.get('url_defaults', ()))
def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options):
"""A helper method to register a rule (and optionally a view function)
to the application. The endpoint is automatically prefixed with the
blueprint's name.
"""
if self.url_prefix is not None:
if rule:
rule = '/'.join((
self.url_prefix.rstrip('/'), rule.lstrip('/')))
else:
rule = self.url_prefix
options.setdefault('subdomain', self.subdomain)
if endpoint is None:
endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func)
defaults = self.url_defaults
if 'defaults' in options:
defaults = dict(defaults, **options.pop('defaults'))
self.app.add_url_rule(rule, '%s.%s' % (self.blueprint.name, endpoint),
view_func, defaults=defaults, **options)
class Blueprint(_PackageBoundObject):
"""Represents a blueprint. A blueprint is an object that records
functions that will be called with the
:class:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState` later to register functions
or other things on the main application. See :ref:`blueprints` for more
information.
.. versionadded:: 0.7
"""
warn_on_modifications = False
_got_registered_once = False
#: Blueprint local JSON decoder class to use.
#: Set to ``None`` to use the app's :class:`~flask.app.Flask.json_encoder`.
json_encoder = None
#: Blueprint local JSON decoder class to use.
#: Set to ``None`` to use the app's :class:`~flask.app.Flask.json_decoder`.
json_decoder = None
# TODO remove the next three attrs when Sphinx :inherited-members: works
# https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/741
#: The name of the package or module that this app belongs to. Do not
#: change this once it is set by the constructor.
import_name = None
#: Location of the template files to be added to the template lookup.
#: ``None`` if templates should not be added.
template_folder = None
#: Absolute path to the package on the filesystem. Used to look up
#: resources contained in the package.
root_path = None
def __init__(self, name, import_name, static_folder=None,
static_url_path=None, template_folder=None,
url_prefix=None, subdomain=None, url_defaults=None,
root_path=None):
_PackageBoundObject.__init__(self, import_name, template_folder,
root_path=root_path)
self.name = name
self.url_prefix = url_prefix
self.subdomain = subdomain
self.static_folder = static_folder
self.static_url_path = static_url_path
self.deferred_functions = []
if url_defaults is None:
url_defaults = {}
self.url_values_defaults = url_defaults
def record(self, func):
"""Registers a function that is called when the blueprint is
registered on the application. This function is called with the
state as argument as returned by the :meth:`make_setup_state`
method.
"""
if self._got_registered_once and self.warn_on_modifications:
from warnings import warn
warn(Warning('The blueprint was already registered once '
'but is getting modified now. These changes '
'will not show up.'))
self.deferred_functions.append(func)
def record_once(self, func):
"""Works like :meth:`record` but wraps the function in another
function that will ensure the function is only called once. If the
blueprint is registered a second time on the application, the
function passed is not called.
"""
def wrapper(state):
if state.first_registration:
func(state)
return self.record(update_wrapper(wrapper, func))
def make_setup_state(self, app, options, first_registration=False):
"""Creates an instance of :meth:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState`
object that is later passed to the register callback functions.
Subclasses can override this to return a subclass of the setup state.
"""
return BlueprintSetupState(self, app, options, first_registration)
def register(self, app, options, first_registration=False):
"""Called by :meth:`Flask.register_blueprint` to register all views
and callbacks registered on the blueprint with the application. Creates
a :class:`.BlueprintSetupState` and calls each :meth:`record` callback
with it.
:param app: The application this blueprint is being registered with.
:param options: Keyword arguments forwarded from
:meth:`~Flask.register_blueprint`.
:param first_registration: Whether this is the first time this
blueprint has been registered on the application.
"""
self._got_registered_once = True
state = self.make_setup_state(app, options, first_registration)
if self.has_static_folder:
state.add_url_rule(
self.static_url_path + '/<path:filename>',
view_func=self.send_static_file, endpoint='static'
)
for deferred in self.deferred_functions:
deferred(state)
def route(self, rule, **options):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.route` but for a blueprint. The endpoint for the
:func:`url_for` function is prefixed with the name of the blueprint.
"""
def decorator(f):
endpoint = options.pop("endpoint", f.__name__)
self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options)
return f
return decorator
def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.add_url_rule` but for a blueprint. The endpoint for
the :func:`url_for` function is prefixed with the name of the blueprint.
"""
if endpoint:
assert '.' not in endpoint, "Blueprint endpoints should not contain dots"
if view_func and hasattr(view_func, '__name__'):
assert '.' not in view_func.__name__, "Blueprint view function name should not contain dots"
self.record(lambda s:
s.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, view_func, **options))
def endpoint(self, endpoint):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.endpoint` but for a blueprint. This does not
prefix the endpoint with the blueprint name, this has to be done
explicitly by the user of this method. If the endpoint is prefixed
with a `.` it will be registered to the current blueprint, otherwise
it's an application independent endpoint.
"""
def decorator(f):
def register_endpoint(state):
state.app.view_functions[endpoint] = f
self.record_once(register_endpoint)
return f
return decorator
def app_template_filter(self, name=None):
"""Register a custom template filter, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.template_filter` but for a blueprint.
:param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.add_app_template_filter(f, name=name)
return f
return decorator
def add_app_template_filter(self, f, name=None):
"""Register a custom template filter, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.add_template_filter` but for a blueprint. Works exactly
like the :meth:`app_template_filter` decorator.
:param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def register_template(state):
state.app.jinja_env.filters[name or f.__name__] = f
self.record_once(register_template)
def app_template_test(self, name=None):
"""Register a custom template test, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.template_test` but for a blueprint.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
:param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.add_app_template_test(f, name=name)
return f
return decorator
def add_app_template_test(self, f, name=None):
"""Register a custom template test, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.add_template_test` but for a blueprint. Works exactly
like the :meth:`app_template_test` decorator.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
:param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def register_template(state):
state.app.jinja_env.tests[name or f.__name__] = f
self.record_once(register_template)
def app_template_global(self, name=None):
"""Register a custom template global, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.template_global` but for a blueprint.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
:param name: the optional name of the global, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.add_app_template_global(f, name=name)
return f
return decorator
def add_app_template_global(self, f, name=None):
"""Register a custom template global, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.add_template_global` but for a blueprint. Works exactly
like the :meth:`app_template_global` decorator.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
:param name: the optional name of the global, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def register_template(state):
state.app.jinja_env.globals[name or f.__name__] = f
self.record_once(register_template)
def before_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.before_request` but for a blueprint. This function
is only executed before each request that is handled by a function of
that blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.before_request_funcs
.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f))
return f
def before_app_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.before_request`. Such a function is executed
before each request, even if outside of a blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.before_request_funcs
.setdefault(None, []).append(f))
return f
def before_app_first_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.before_first_request`. Such a function is
executed before the first request to the application.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.before_first_request_funcs.append(f))
return f
def after_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.after_request` but for a blueprint. This function
is only executed after each request that is handled by a function of
that blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.after_request_funcs
.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f))
return f
def after_app_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.after_request` but for a blueprint. Such a function
is executed after each request, even if outside of the blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.after_request_funcs
.setdefault(None, []).append(f))
return f
def teardown_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.teardown_request` but for a blueprint. This
function is only executed when tearing down requests handled by a
function of that blueprint. Teardown request functions are executed
when the request context is popped, even when no actual request was
performed.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.teardown_request_funcs
.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f))
return f
def teardown_app_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.teardown_request` but for a blueprint. Such a
function is executed when tearing down each request, even if outside of
the blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.teardown_request_funcs
.setdefault(None, []).append(f))
return f
def context_processor(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.context_processor` but for a blueprint. This
function is only executed for requests handled by a blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.template_context_processors
.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f))
return f
def app_context_processor(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.context_processor` but for a blueprint. Such a
function is executed each request, even if outside of the blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.template_context_processors
.setdefault(None, []).append(f))
return f
def app_errorhandler(self, code):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.errorhandler` but for a blueprint. This
handler is used for all requests, even if outside of the blueprint.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.errorhandler(code)(f))
return f
return decorator
def url_value_preprocessor(self, f):
"""Registers a function as URL value preprocessor for this
blueprint. It's called before the view functions are called and
can modify the url values provided.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.url_value_preprocessors
.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f))
return f
def url_defaults(self, f):
"""Callback function for URL defaults for this blueprint. It's called
with the endpoint and values and should update the values passed
in place.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.url_default_functions
.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f))
return f
def app_url_value_preprocessor(self, f):
"""Same as :meth:`url_value_preprocessor` but application wide.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.url_value_preprocessors
.setdefault(None, []).append(f))
return f
def app_url_defaults(self, f):
"""Same as :meth:`url_defaults` but application wide.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.url_default_functions
.setdefault(None, []).append(f))
return f
def errorhandler(self, code_or_exception):
"""Registers an error handler that becomes active for this blueprint
only. Please be aware that routing does not happen local to a
blueprint so an error handler for 404 usually is not handled by
a blueprint unless it is caused inside a view function. Another
special case is the 500 internal server error which is always looked
up from the application.
Otherwise works as the :meth:`~flask.Flask.errorhandler` decorator
of the :class:`~flask.Flask` object.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app._register_error_handler(
self.name, code_or_exception, f))
return f
return decorator
def register_error_handler(self, code_or_exception, f):
"""Non-decorator version of the :meth:`errorhandler` error attach
function, akin to the :meth:`~flask.Flask.register_error_handler`
application-wide function of the :class:`~flask.Flask` object but
for error handlers limited to this blueprint.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app._register_error_handler(
self.name, code_or_exception, f))

898
flask/cli.py
Unescape View File

@ -1,898 +0,0 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.cli
~~~~~~~~~
A simple command line application to run flask apps.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from __future__ import print_function
import ast
import inspect
import os
import re
import ssl
import sys
import traceback
from functools import update_wrapper
from operator import attrgetter
from threading import Lock, Thread
import click
from werkzeug.utils import import_string
from . import __version__
from ._compat import getargspec, iteritems, reraise, text_type
from .globals import current_app
from .helpers import get_debug_flag, get_env, get_load_dotenv
try:
import dotenv
except ImportError:
dotenv = None
class NoAppException(click.UsageError):
"""Raised if an application cannot be found or loaded."""
def find_best_app(script_info, module):
"""Given a module instance this tries to find the best possible
application in the module or raises an exception.
"""
from . import Flask
# Search for the most common names first.
for attr_name in ('app', 'application'):
app = getattr(module, attr_name, None)
if isinstance(app, Flask):
return app
# Otherwise find the only object that is a Flask instance.
matches = [
v for k, v in iteritems(module.__dict__) if isinstance(v, Flask)
]
if len(matches) == 1:
return matches[0]
elif len(matches) > 1:
raise NoAppException(
'Detected multiple Flask applications in module "{module}". Use '
'"FLASK_APP={module}:name" to specify the correct '
'one.'.format(module=module.__name__)
)
# Search for app factory functions.
for attr_name in ('create_app', 'make_app'):
app_factory = getattr(module, attr_name, None)
if inspect.isfunction(app_factory):
try:
app = call_factory(script_info, app_factory)
if isinstance(app, Flask):
return app
except TypeError:
if not _called_with_wrong_args(app_factory):
raise
raise NoAppException(
'Detected factory "{factory}" in module "{module}", but '
'could not call it without arguments. Use '
'"FLASK_APP=\'{module}:{factory}(args)\'" to specify '
'arguments.'.format(
factory=attr_name, module=module.__name__
)
)
raise NoAppException(
'Failed to find Flask application or factory in module "{module}". '
'Use "FLASK_APP={module}:name to specify one.'.format(
module=module.__name__
)
)
def call_factory(script_info, app_factory, arguments=()):
"""Takes an app factory, a ``script_info` object and optionally a tuple
of arguments. Checks for the existence of a script_info argument and calls
the app_factory depending on that and the arguments provided.
"""
args_spec = getargspec(app_factory)
arg_names = args_spec.args
arg_defaults = args_spec.defaults
if 'script_info' in arg_names:
return app_factory(*arguments, script_info=script_info)
elif arguments:
return app_factory(*arguments)
elif not arguments and len(arg_names) == 1 and arg_defaults is None:
return app_factory(script_info)
return app_factory()
def _called_with_wrong_args(factory):
"""Check whether calling a function raised a ``TypeError`` because
the call failed or because something in the factory raised the
error.
:param factory: the factory function that was called
:return: true if the call failed
"""
tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
try:
while tb is not None:
if tb.tb_frame.f_code is factory.__code__:
# in the factory, it was called successfully
return False
tb = tb.tb_next
# didn't reach the factory
return True
finally:
del tb
def find_app_by_string(script_info, module, app_name):
"""Checks if the given string is a variable name or a function. If it is a
function, it checks for specified arguments and whether it takes a
``script_info`` argument and calls the function with the appropriate
arguments.
"""
from flask import Flask
match = re.match(r'^ *([^ ()]+) *(?:\((.*?) *,? *\))? *$', app_name)
if not match:
raise NoAppException(
'"{name}" is not a valid variable name or function '
'expression.'.format(name=app_name)
)
name, args = match.groups()
try:
attr = getattr(module, name)
except AttributeError as e:
raise NoAppException(e.args[0])
if inspect.isfunction(attr):
if args:
try:
args = ast.literal_eval('({args},)'.format(args=args))
except (ValueError, SyntaxError)as e:
raise NoAppException(
'Could not parse the arguments in '
'"{app_name}".'.format(e=e, app_name=app_name)
)
else:
args = ()
try:
app = call_factory(script_info, attr, args)
except TypeError as e:
if not _called_with_wrong_args(attr):
raise
raise NoAppException(
'{e}\nThe factory "{app_name}" in module "{module}" could not '
'be called with the specified arguments.'.format(
e=e, app_name=app_name, module=module.__name__
)
)
else:
app = attr
if isinstance(app, Flask):
return app
raise NoAppException(
'A valid Flask application was not obtained from '
'"{module}:{app_name}".'.format(
module=module.__name__, app_name=app_name
)
)
def prepare_import(path):
"""Given a filename this will try to calculate the python path, add it
to the search path and return the actual module name that is expected.
"""
path = os.path.realpath(path)
if os.path.splitext(path)[1] == '.py':
path = os.path.splitext(path)[0]
if os.path.basename(path) == '__init__':
path = os.path.dirname(path)
module_name = []
# move up until outside package structure (no __init__.py)
while True:
path, name = os.path.split(path)
module_name.append(name)
if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, '__init__.py')):
break
if sys.path[0] != path:
sys.path.insert(0, path)
return '.'.join(module_name[::-1])
def locate_app(script_info, module_name, app_name, raise_if_not_found=True):
__traceback_hide__ = True
try:
__import__(module_name)
except ImportError:
# Reraise the ImportError if it occurred within the imported module.
# Determine this by checking whether the trace has a depth > 1.
if sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_next:
raise NoAppException(
'While importing "{name}", an ImportError was raised:'
'\n\n{tb}'.format(name=module_name, tb=traceback.format_exc())
)
elif raise_if_not_found:
raise NoAppException(
'Could not import "{name}".'.format(name=module_name)
)
else:
return
module = sys.modules[module_name]
if app_name is None:
return find_best_app(script_info, module)
else:
return find_app_by_string(script_info, module, app_name)
def get_version(ctx, param, value):
if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
return
message = 'Flask %(version)s\nPython %(python_version)s'
click.echo(message % {
'version': __version__,
'python_version': sys.version,
}, color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
version_option = click.Option(
['--version'],
help='Show the flask version',
expose_value=False,
callback=get_version,
is_flag=True,
is_eager=True
)
class DispatchingApp(object):
"""Special application that dispatches to a Flask application which
is imported by name in a background thread. If an error happens
it is recorded and shown as part of the WSGI handling which in case
of the Werkzeug debugger means that it shows up in the browser.
"""
def __init__(self, loader, use_eager_loading=False):
self.loader = loader
self._app = None
self._lock = Lock()
self._bg_loading_exc_info = None
if use_eager_loading:
self._load_unlocked()
else:
self._load_in_background()
def _load_in_background(self):
def _load_app():
__traceback_hide__ = True
with self._lock:
try:
self._load_unlocked()
except Exception:
self._bg_loading_exc_info = sys.exc_info()
t = Thread(target=_load_app, args=())
t.start()
def _flush_bg_loading_exception(self):
__traceback_hide__ = True
exc_info = self._bg_loading_exc_info
if exc_info is not None:
self._bg_loading_exc_info = None
reraise(*exc_info)
def _load_unlocked(self):
__traceback_hide__ = True
self._app = rv = self.loader()
self._bg_loading_exc_info = None
return rv
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
__traceback_hide__ = True
if self._app is not None:
return self._app(environ, start_response)
self._flush_bg_loading_exception()
with self._lock:
if self._app is not None:
rv = self._app
else:
rv = self._load_unlocked()
return rv(environ, start_response)
class ScriptInfo(object):
"""Help object to deal with Flask applications. This is usually not
necessary to interface with as it's used internally in the dispatching
to click. In future versions of Flask this object will most likely play
a bigger role. Typically it's created automatically by the
:class:`FlaskGroup` but you can also manually create it and pass it
onwards as click object.
"""
def __init__(self, app_import_path=None, create_app=None):
#: Optionally the import path for the Flask application.
self.app_import_path = app_import_path or os.environ.get('FLASK_APP')
#: Optionally a function that is passed the script info to create
#: the instance of the application.
self.create_app = create_app
#: A dictionary with arbitrary data that can be associated with
#: this script info.
self.data = {}
self._loaded_app = None
def load_app(self):
"""Loads the Flask app (if not yet loaded) and returns it. Calling
this multiple times will just result in the already loaded app to
be returned.
"""
__traceback_hide__ = True
if self._loaded_app is not None:
return self._loaded_app
app = None
if self.create_app is not None:
app = call_factory(self, self.create_app)
else:
if self.app_import_path:
path, name = (self.app_import_path.split(':', 1) + [None])[:2]
import_name = prepare_import(path)
app = locate_app(self, import_name, name)
else:
for path in ('wsgi.py', 'app.py'):
import_name = prepare_import(path)
app = locate_app(self, import_name, None,
raise_if_not_found=False)
if app:
break
if not app:
raise NoAppException(
'Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide '
'the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or '
'"app.py" module was not found in the current directory.'
)
debug = get_debug_flag()
# Update the app's debug flag through the descriptor so that other
# values repopulate as well.
if debug is not None:
app.debug = debug
self._loaded_app = app
return app
pass_script_info = click.make_pass_decorator(ScriptInfo, ensure=True)
def with_appcontext(f):
"""Wraps a callback so that it's guaranteed to be executed with the
script's application context. If callbacks are registered directly
to the ``app.cli`` object then they are wrapped with this function
by default unless it's disabled.
"""
@click.pass_context
def decorator(__ctx, *args, **kwargs):
with __ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo).load_app().app_context():
return __ctx.invoke(f, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(decorator, f)
class AppGroup(click.Group):
"""This works similar to a regular click :class:`~click.Group` but it
changes the behavior of the :meth:`command` decorator so that it
automatically wraps the functions in :func:`with_appcontext`.
Not to be confused with :class:`FlaskGroup`.
"""
def command(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""This works exactly like the method of the same name on a regular
:class:`click.Group` but it wraps callbacks in :func:`with_appcontext`
unless it's disabled by passing ``with_appcontext=False``.
"""
wrap_for_ctx = kwargs.pop('with_appcontext', True)
def decorator(f):
if wrap_for_ctx:
f = with_appcontext(f)
return click.Group.command(self, *args, **kwargs)(f)
return decorator
def group(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""This works exactly like the method of the same name on a regular
:class:`click.Group` but it defaults the group class to
:class:`AppGroup`.
"""
kwargs.setdefault('cls', AppGroup)
return click.Group.group(self, *args, **kwargs)
class FlaskGroup(AppGroup):
"""Special subclass of the :class:`AppGroup` group that supports
loading more commands from the configured Flask app. Normally a
developer does not have to interface with this class but there are
some very advanced use cases for which it makes sense to create an
instance of this.
For information as of why this is useful see :ref:`custom-scripts`.
:param add_default_commands: if this is True then the default run and
shell commands wil be added.
:param add_version_option: adds the ``--version`` option.
:param create_app: an optional callback that is passed the script info and
returns the loaded app.
:param load_dotenv: Load the nearest :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv`
files to set environment variables. Will also change the working
directory to the directory containing the first file found.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
If installed, python-dotenv will be used to load environment variables
from :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv` files.
"""
def __init__(self, add_default_commands=True, create_app=None,
add_version_option=True, load_dotenv=True, **extra):
params = list(extra.pop('params', None) or ())
if add_version_option:
params.append(version_option)
AppGroup.__init__(self, params=params, **extra)
self.create_app = create_app
self.load_dotenv = load_dotenv
if add_default_commands:
self.add_command(run_command)
self.add_command(shell_command)
self.add_command(routes_command)
self._loaded_plugin_commands = False
def _load_plugin_commands(self):
if self._loaded_plugin_commands:
return
try:
import pkg_resources
except ImportError:
self._loaded_plugin_commands = True
return
for ep in pkg_resources.iter_entry_points('flask.commands'):
self.add_command(ep.load(), ep.name)
self._loaded_plugin_commands = True
def get_command(self, ctx, name):
self._load_plugin_commands()
# We load built-in commands first as these should always be the
# same no matter what the app does. If the app does want to
# override this it needs to make a custom instance of this group
# and not attach the default commands.
#
# This also means that the script stays functional in case the
# application completely fails.
rv = AppGroup.get_command(self, ctx, name)
if rv is not None:
return rv
info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
try:
rv = info.load_app().cli.get_command(ctx, name)
if rv is not None:
return rv
except NoAppException:
pass
def list_commands(self, ctx):
self._load_plugin_commands()
# The commands available is the list of both the application (if
# available) plus the builtin commands.
rv = set(click.Group.list_commands(self, ctx))
info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
try:
rv.update(info.load_app().cli.list_commands(ctx))
except Exception:
# Here we intentionally swallow all exceptions as we don't
# want the help page to break if the app does not exist.
# If someone attempts to use the command we try to create
# the app again and this will give us the error.
# However, we will not do so silently because that would confuse
# users.
traceback.print_exc()
return sorted(rv)
def main(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Set a global flag that indicates that we were invoked from the
# command line interface. This is detected by Flask.run to make the
# call into a no-op. This is necessary to avoid ugly errors when the
# script that is loaded here also attempts to start a server.
os.environ['FLASK_RUN_FROM_CLI'] = 'true'
if get_load_dotenv(self.load_dotenv):
load_dotenv()
obj = kwargs.get('obj')
if obj is None:
obj = ScriptInfo(create_app=self.create_app)
kwargs['obj'] = obj
kwargs.setdefault('auto_envvar_prefix', 'FLASK')
return super(FlaskGroup, self).main(*args, **kwargs)
def _path_is_ancestor(path, other):
"""Take ``other`` and remove the length of ``path`` from it. Then join it
to ``path``. If it is the original value, ``path`` is an ancestor of
``other``."""
return os.path.join(path, other[len(path):].lstrip(os.sep)) == other
def load_dotenv(path=None):
"""Load "dotenv" files in order of precedence to set environment variables.
If an env var is already set it is not overwritten, so earlier files in the
list are preferred over later files.
Changes the current working directory to the location of the first file
found, with the assumption that it is in the top level project directory
and will be where the Python path should import local packages from.
This is a no-op if `python-dotenv`_ is not installed.
.. _python-dotenv: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv#readme
:param path: Load the file at this location instead of searching.
:return: ``True`` if a file was loaded.
.. versionadded:: 1.0
"""
if dotenv is None:
if path or os.path.exists('.env') or os.path.exists('.flaskenv'):
click.secho(
' * Tip: There are .env files present.'
' Do "pip install python-dotenv" to use them.',
fg='yellow')
return
if path is not None:
return dotenv.load_dotenv(path)
new_dir = None
for name in ('.env', '.flaskenv'):
path = dotenv.find_dotenv(name, usecwd=True)
if not path:
continue
if new_dir is None:
new_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
dotenv.load_dotenv(path)
if new_dir and os.getcwd() != new_dir:
os.chdir(new_dir)
return new_dir is not None # at least one file was located and loaded
def show_server_banner(env, debug, app_import_path, eager_loading):
"""Show extra startup messages the first time the server is run,
ignoring the reloader.
"""
if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') == 'true':
return
if app_import_path is not None:
message = ' * Serving Flask app "{0}"'.format(app_import_path)
if not eager_loading:
message += ' (lazy loading)'
click.echo(message)
click.echo(' * Environment: {0}'.format(env))
if env == 'production':
click.secho(
' WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production'
' environment.', fg='red')
click.secho(' Use a production WSGI server instead.', dim=True)
if debug is not None:
click.echo(' * Debug mode: {0}'.format('on' if debug else 'off'))
class CertParamType(click.ParamType):
"""Click option type for the ``--cert`` option. Allows either an
existing file, the string ``'adhoc'``, or an import for a
:class:`~ssl.SSLContext` object.
"""
name = 'path'
def __init__(self):
self.path_type = click.Path(
exists=True, dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True)
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return self.path_type(value, param, ctx)
except click.BadParameter:
value = click.STRING(value, param, ctx).lower()
if value == 'adhoc':
try:
import OpenSSL
except ImportError:
raise click.BadParameter(
'Using ad-hoc certificates requires pyOpenSSL.',
ctx, param)
return value
obj = import_string(value, silent=True)
if sys.version_info < (2, 7):
if obj:
return obj
else:
if isinstance(obj, ssl.SSLContext):
return obj
raise
def _validate_key(ctx, param, value):
"""The ``--key`` option must be specified when ``--cert`` is a file.
Modifies the ``cert`` param to be a ``(cert, key)`` pair if needed.
"""
cert = ctx.params.get('cert')
is_adhoc = cert == 'adhoc'
if sys.version_info < (2, 7):
is_context = cert and not isinstance(cert, (text_type, bytes))
else:
is_context = isinstance(cert, ssl.SSLContext)
if value is not None:
if is_adhoc:
raise click.BadParameter(
'When "--cert" is "adhoc", "--key" is not used.',
ctx, param)
if is_context:
raise click.BadParameter(
'When "--cert" is an SSLContext object, "--key is not used.',
ctx, param)
if not cert:
raise click.BadParameter(
'"--cert" must also be specified.',
ctx, param)
ctx.params['cert'] = cert, value
else:
if cert and not (is_adhoc or is_context):
raise click.BadParameter(
'Required when using "--cert".',
ctx, param)
return value
@click.command('run', short_help='Runs a development server.')
@click.option('--host', '-h', default='127.0.0.1',
help='The interface to bind to.')
@click.option('--port', '-p', default=5000,
help='The port to bind to.')
@click.option('--cert', type=CertParamType(),
help='Specify a certificate file to use HTTPS.')
@click.option('--key',
type=click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True),
callback=_validate_key, expose_value=False,
help='The key file to use when specifying a certificate.')
@click.option('--reload/--no-reload', default=None,
help='Enable or disable the reloader. By default the reloader '
'is active if debug is enabled.')
@click.option('--debugger/--no-debugger', default=None,
help='Enable or disable the debugger. By default the debugger '
'is active if debug is enabled.')
@click.option('--eager-loading/--lazy-loader', default=None,
help='Enable or disable eager loading. By default eager '
'loading is enabled if the reloader is disabled.')
@click.option('--with-threads/--without-threads', default=True,
help='Enable or disable multithreading.')
@pass_script_info
def run_command(info, host, port, reload, debugger, eager_loading,
with_threads, cert):
"""Run a local development server.
This server is for development purposes only. It does not provide
the stability, security, or performance of production WSGI servers.
The reloader and debugger are enabled by default if
FLASK_ENV=development or FLASK_DEBUG=1.
"""
debug = get_debug_flag()
if reload is None:
reload = debug
if debugger is None:
debugger = debug
if eager_loading is None:
eager_loading = not reload
show_server_banner(get_env(), debug, info.app_import_path, eager_loading)
app = DispatchingApp(info.load_app, use_eager_loading=eager_loading)
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
run_simple(host, port, app, use_reloader=reload, use_debugger=debugger,
threaded=with_threads, ssl_context=cert)
@click.command('shell', short_help='Runs a shell in the app context.')
@with_appcontext
def shell_command():
"""Runs an interactive Python shell in the context of a given
Flask application. The application will populate the default
namespace of this shell according to it's configuration.
This is useful for executing small snippets of management code
without having to manually configure the application.
"""
import code
from flask.globals import _app_ctx_stack
app = _app_ctx_stack.top.app
banner = 'Python %s on %s\nApp: %s [%s]\nInstance: %s' % (
sys.version,
sys.platform,
app.import_name,
app.env,
app.instance_path,
)
ctx = {}
# Support the regular Python interpreter startup script if someone
# is using it.
startup = os.environ.get('PYTHONSTARTUP')
if startup and os.path.isfile(startup):
with open(startup, 'r') as f:
eval(compile(f.read(), startup, 'exec'), ctx)
ctx.update(app.make_shell_context())
code.interact(banner=banner, local=ctx)
@click.command('routes', short_help='Show the routes for the app.')
@click.option(
'--sort', '-s',
type=click.Choice(('endpoint', 'methods', 'rule', 'match')),
default='endpoint',
help=(
'Method to sort routes by. "match" is the order that Flask will match '
'routes when dispatching a request.'
)
)
@click.option(
'--all-methods',
is_flag=True,
help="Show HEAD and OPTIONS methods."
)
@with_appcontext
def routes_command(sort, all_methods):
"""Show all registered routes with endpoints and methods."""
rules = list(current_app.url_map.iter_rules())
if not rules:
click.echo('No routes were registered.')
return
ignored_methods = set(() if all_methods else ('HEAD', 'OPTIONS'))
if sort in ('endpoint', 'rule'):
rules = sorted(rules, key=attrgetter(sort))
elif sort == 'methods':
rules = sorted(rules, key=lambda rule: sorted(rule.methods))
rule_methods = [
', '.join(sorted(rule.methods - ignored_methods)) for rule in rules
]
headers = ('Endpoint', 'Methods', 'Rule')
widths = (
max(len(rule.endpoint) for rule in rules),
max(len(methods) for methods in rule_methods),
max(len(rule.rule) for rule in rules),
)
widths = [max(len(h), w) for h, w in zip(headers, widths)]
row = '{{0:<{0}}} {{1:<{1}}} {{2:<{2}}}'.format(*widths)
click.echo(row.format(*headers).strip())
click.echo(row.format(*('-' * width for width in widths)))
for rule, methods in zip(rules, rule_methods):
click.echo(row.format(rule.endpoint, methods, rule.rule).rstrip())
cli = FlaskGroup(help="""\
A general utility script for Flask applications.
Provides commands from Flask, extensions, and the application. Loads the
application defined in the FLASK_APP environment variable, or from a wsgi.py
file. Setting the FLASK_ENV environment variable to 'development' will enable
debug mode.
\b
{prefix}{cmd} FLASK_APP=hello.py
{prefix}{cmd} FLASK_ENV=development
{prefix}flask run
""".format(
cmd='export' if os.name == 'posix' else 'set',
prefix='$ ' if os.name == 'posix' else '> '
))
def main(as_module=False):
args = sys.argv[1:]
if as_module:
this_module = 'flask'
if sys.version_info < (2, 7):
this_module += '.cli'
name = 'python -m ' + this_module
# Python rewrites "python -m flask" to the path to the file in argv.
# Restore the original command so that the reloader works.
sys.argv = ['-m', this_module] + args
else:
name = None
cli.main(args=args, prog_name=name)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(as_module=True)

265
flask/config.py
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@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.config
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements the configuration related objects.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import os
import types
import errno
from werkzeug.utils import import_string
from ._compat import string_types, iteritems
from . import json
class ConfigAttribute(object):
"""Makes an attribute forward to the config"""
def __init__(self, name, get_converter=None):
self.__name__ = name
self.get_converter = get_converter
def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
if obj is None:
return self
rv = obj.config[self.__name__]
if self.get_converter is not None:
rv = self.get_converter(rv)
return rv
def __set__(self, obj, value):
obj.config[self.__name__] = value
class Config(dict):
"""Works exactly like a dict but provides ways to fill it from files
or special dictionaries. There are two common patterns to populate the
config.
Either you can fill the config from a config file::
app.config.from_pyfile('yourconfig.cfg')
Or alternatively you can define the configuration options in the
module that calls :meth:`from_object` or provide an import path to
a module that should be loaded. It is also possible to tell it to
use the same module and with that provide the configuration values
just before the call::
DEBUG = True
SECRET_KEY = 'development key'
app.config.from_object(__name__)
In both cases (loading from any Python file or loading from modules),
only uppercase keys are added to the config. This makes it possible to use
lowercase values in the config file for temporary values that are not added
to the config or to define the config keys in the same file that implements
the application.
Probably the most interesting way to load configurations is from an
environment variable pointing to a file::
app.config.from_envvar('YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS')
In this case before launching the application you have to set this
environment variable to the file you want to use. On Linux and OS X
use the export statement::
export YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS='/path/to/config/file'
On windows use `set` instead.
:param root_path: path to which files are read relative from. When the
config object is created by the application, this is
the application's :attr:`~flask.Flask.root_path`.
:param defaults: an optional dictionary of default values
"""
def __init__(self, root_path, defaults=None):
dict.__init__(self, defaults or {})
self.root_path = root_path
def from_envvar(self, variable_name, silent=False):
"""Loads a configuration from an environment variable pointing to
a configuration file. This is basically just a shortcut with nicer
error messages for this line of code::
app.config.from_pyfile(os.environ['YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS'])
:param variable_name: name of the environment variable
:param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing
files.
:return: bool. ``True`` if able to load config, ``False`` otherwise.
"""
rv = os.environ.get(variable_name)
if not rv:
if silent:
return False
raise RuntimeError('The environment variable %r is not set '
'and as such configuration could not be '
'loaded. Set this variable and make it '
'point to a configuration file' %
variable_name)
return self.from_pyfile(rv, silent=silent)
def from_pyfile(self, filename, silent=False):
"""Updates the values in the config from a Python file. This function
behaves as if the file was imported as module with the
:meth:`from_object` function.
:param filename: the filename of the config. This can either be an
absolute filename or a filename relative to the
root path.
:param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing
files.
.. versionadded:: 0.7
`silent` parameter.
"""
filename = os.path.join(self.root_path, filename)
d = types.ModuleType('config')
d.__file__ = filename
try:
with open(filename, mode='rb') as config_file:
exec(compile(config_file.read(), filename, 'exec'), d.__dict__)
except IOError as e:
if silent and e.errno in (
errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR, errno.ENOTDIR
):
return False
e.strerror = 'Unable to load configuration file (%s)' % e.strerror
raise
self.from_object(d)
return True
def from_object(self, obj):
"""Updates the values from the given object. An object can be of one
of the following two types:
- a string: in this case the object with that name will be imported
- an actual object reference: that object is used directly
Objects are usually either modules or classes. :meth:`from_object`
loads only the uppercase attributes of the module/class. A ``dict``
object will not work with :meth:`from_object` because the keys of a
``dict`` are not attributes of the ``dict`` class.
Example of module-based configuration::
app.config.from_object('yourapplication.default_config')
from yourapplication import default_config
app.config.from_object(default_config)
You should not use this function to load the actual configuration but
rather configuration defaults. The actual config should be loaded
with :meth:`from_pyfile` and ideally from a location not within the
package because the package might be installed system wide.
See :ref:`config-dev-prod` for an example of class-based configuration
using :meth:`from_object`.
:param obj: an import name or object
"""
if isinstance(obj, string_types):
obj = import_string(obj)
for key in dir(obj):
if key.isupper():
self[key] = getattr(obj, key)
def from_json(self, filename, silent=False):
"""Updates the values in the config from a JSON file. This function
behaves as if the JSON object was a dictionary and passed to the
:meth:`from_mapping` function.
:param filename: the filename of the JSON file. This can either be an
absolute filename or a filename relative to the
root path.
:param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing
files.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
filename = os.path.join(self.root_path, filename)
try:
with open(filename) as json_file:
obj = json.loads(json_file.read())
except IOError as e:
if silent and e.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR):
return False
e.strerror = 'Unable to load configuration file (%s)' % e.strerror
raise
return self.from_mapping(obj)
def from_mapping(self, *mapping, **kwargs):
"""Updates the config like :meth:`update` ignoring items with non-upper
keys.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
mappings = []
if len(mapping) == 1:
if hasattr(mapping[0], 'items'):
mappings.append(mapping[0].items())
else:
mappings.append(mapping[0])
elif len(mapping) > 1:
raise TypeError(
'expected at most 1 positional argument, got %d' % len(mapping)
)
mappings.append(kwargs.items())
for mapping in mappings:
for (key, value) in mapping:
if key.isupper():
self[key] = value
return True
def get_namespace(self, namespace, lowercase=True, trim_namespace=True):
"""Returns a dictionary containing a subset of configuration options
that match the specified namespace/prefix. Example usage::
app.config['IMAGE_STORE_TYPE'] = 'fs'
app.config['IMAGE_STORE_PATH'] = '/var/app/images'
app.config['IMAGE_STORE_BASE_URL'] = 'http://img.website.com'
image_store_config = app.config.get_namespace('IMAGE_STORE_')
The resulting dictionary `image_store_config` would look like::
{
'type': 'fs',
'path': '/var/app/images',
'base_url': 'http://img.website.com'
}
This is often useful when configuration options map directly to
keyword arguments in functions or class constructors.
:param namespace: a configuration namespace
:param lowercase: a flag indicating if the keys of the resulting
dictionary should be lowercase
:param trim_namespace: a flag indicating if the keys of the resulting
dictionary should not include the namespace
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
rv = {}
for k, v in iteritems(self):
if not k.startswith(namespace):
continue
if trim_namespace:
key = k[len(namespace):]
else:
key = k
if lowercase:
key = key.lower()
rv[key] = v
return rv
def __repr__(self):
return '<%s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, dict.__repr__(self))

457
flask/ctx.py
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@ -1,457 +0,0 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.ctx
~~~~~~~~~
Implements the objects required to keep the context.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import sys
from functools import update_wrapper
from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
from .globals import _request_ctx_stack, _app_ctx_stack
from .signals import appcontext_pushed, appcontext_popped
from ._compat import BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT, reraise
# a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults
_sentinel = object()
class _AppCtxGlobals(object):
"""A plain object. Used as a namespace for storing data during an
application context.
Creating an app context automatically creates this object, which is
made available as the :data:`g` proxy.
.. describe:: 'key' in g
Check whether an attribute is present.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
.. describe:: iter(g)
Return an iterator over the attribute names.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
"""
def get(self, name, default=None):
"""Get an attribute by name, or a default value. Like
:meth:`dict.get`.
:param name: Name of attribute to get.
:param default: Value to return if the attribute is not present.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
"""
return self.__dict__.get(name, default)
def pop(self, name, default=_sentinel):
"""Get and remove an attribute by name. Like :meth:`dict.pop`.
:param name: Name of attribute to pop.
:param default: Value to return if the attribute is not present,
instead of raise a ``KeyError``.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
if default is _sentinel:
return self.__dict__.pop(name)
else:
return self.__dict__.pop(name, default)
def setdefault(self, name, default=None):
"""Get the value of an attribute if it is present, otherwise
set and return a default value. Like :meth:`dict.setdefault`.
:param name: Name of attribute to get.
:param: default: Value to set and return if the attribute is not
present.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
return self.__dict__.setdefault(name, default)
def __contains__(self, item):
return item in self.__dict__
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.__dict__)
def __repr__(self):
top = _app_ctx_stack.top
if top is not None:
return '<flask.g of %r>' % top.app.name
return object.__repr__(self)
def after_this_request(f):
"""Executes a function after this request. This is useful to modify
response objects. The function is passed the response object and has
to return the same or a new one.
Example::
@app.route('/')
def index():
@after_this_request
def add_header(response):
response.headers['X-Foo'] = 'Parachute'
return response
return 'Hello World!'
This is more useful if a function other than the view function wants to
modify a response. For instance think of a decorator that wants to add
some headers without converting the return value into a response object.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
"""
_request_ctx_stack.top._after_request_functions.append(f)
return f
def copy_current_request_context(f):
"""A helper function that decorates a function to retain the current
request context. This is useful when working with greenlets. The moment
the function is decorated a copy of the request context is created and
then pushed when the function is called.
Example::
import gevent
from flask import copy_current_request_context
@app.route('/')
def index():
@copy_current_request_context
def do_some_work():
# do some work here, it can access flask.request like you
# would otherwise in the view function.
...
gevent.spawn(do_some_work)
return 'Regular response'
.. versionadded:: 0.10
"""
top = _request_ctx_stack.top
if top is None:
raise RuntimeError('This decorator can only be used at local scopes '
'when a request context is on the stack. For instance within '
'view functions.')
reqctx = top.copy()
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
with reqctx:
return f(*args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(wrapper, f)
def has_request_context():
"""If you have code that wants to test if a request context is there or
not this function can be used. For instance, you may want to take advantage
of request information if the request object is available, but fail
silently if it is unavailable.
::
class User(db.Model):
def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None):
self.username = username
if remote_addr is None and has_request_context():
remote_addr = request.remote_addr
self.remote_addr = remote_addr
Alternatively you can also just test any of the context bound objects
(such as :class:`request` or :class:`g` for truthness)::
class User(db.Model):
def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None):
self.username = username
if remote_addr is None and request:
remote_addr = request.remote_addr
self.remote_addr = remote_addr
.. versionadded:: 0.7
"""
return _request_ctx_stack.top is not None
def has_app_context():
"""Works like :func:`has_request_context` but for the application
context. You can also just do a boolean check on the
:data:`current_app` object instead.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
"""
return _app_ctx_stack.top is not None
class AppContext(object):
"""The application context binds an application object implicitly
to the current thread or greenlet, similar to how the
:class:`RequestContext` binds request information. The application
context is also implicitly created if a request context is created
but the application is not on top of the individual application
context.
"""
def __init__(self, app):
self.app = app
self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(None)
self.g = app.app_ctx_globals_class()
# Like request context, app contexts can be pushed multiple times
# but there a basic "refcount" is enough to track them.
self._refcnt = 0
def push(self):
"""Binds the app context to the current context."""
self._refcnt += 1
if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'):
sys.exc_clear()
_app_ctx_stack.push(self)
appcontext_pushed.send(self.app)
def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
"""Pops the app context."""
try:
self._refcnt -= 1
if self._refcnt <= 0:
if exc is _sentinel:
exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc)
finally:
rv = _app_ctx_stack.pop()
assert rv is self, 'Popped wrong app context. (%r instead of %r)' \
% (rv, self)
appcontext_popped.send(self.app)
def __enter__(self):
self.push()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.pop(exc_value)
if BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT and exc_type is not None:
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
class RequestContext(object):
"""The request context contains all request relevant information. It is
created at the beginning of the request and pushed to the
`_request_ctx_stack` and removed at the end of it. It will create the
URL adapter and request object for the WSGI environment provided.
Do not attempt to use this class directly, instead use
:meth:`~flask.Flask.test_request_context` and
:meth:`~flask.Flask.request_context` to create this object.
When the request context is popped, it will evaluate all the
functions registered on the application for teardown execution
(:meth:`~flask.Flask.teardown_request`).
The request context is automatically popped at the end of the request
for you. In debug mode the request context is kept around if
exceptions happen so that interactive debuggers have a chance to
introspect the data. With 0.4 this can also be forced for requests
that did not fail and outside of ``DEBUG`` mode. By setting
``'flask._preserve_context'`` to ``True`` on the WSGI environment the
context will not pop itself at the end of the request. This is used by
the :meth:`~flask.Flask.test_client` for example to implement the
deferred cleanup functionality.
You might find this helpful for unittests where you need the
information from the context local around for a little longer. Make
sure to properly :meth:`~werkzeug.LocalStack.pop` the stack yourself in
that situation, otherwise your unittests will leak memory.
"""
def __init__(self, app, environ, request=None):
self.app = app
if request is None:
request = app.request_class(environ)
self.request = request
self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(self.request)
self.flashes = None
self.session = None
# Request contexts can be pushed multiple times and interleaved with
# other request contexts. Now only if the last level is popped we
# get rid of them. Additionally if an application context is missing
# one is created implicitly so for each level we add this information
self._implicit_app_ctx_stack = []
# indicator if the context was preserved. Next time another context
# is pushed the preserved context is popped.
self.preserved = False
# remembers the exception for pop if there is one in case the context
# preservation kicks in.
self._preserved_exc = None
# Functions that should be executed after the request on the response
# object. These will be called before the regular "after_request"
# functions.
self._after_request_functions = []
self.match_request()
def _get_g(self):
return _app_ctx_stack.top.g
def _set_g(self, value):
_app_ctx_stack.top.g = value
g = property(_get_g, _set_g)
del _get_g, _set_g
def copy(self):
"""Creates a copy of this request context with the same request object.
This can be used to move a request context to a different greenlet.
Because the actual request object is the same this cannot be used to
move a request context to a different thread unless access to the
request object is locked.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
"""
return self.__class__(self.app,
environ=self.request.environ,
request=self.request
)
def match_request(self):
"""Can be overridden by a subclass to hook into the matching
of the request.
"""
try:
url_rule, self.request.view_args = \
self.url_adapter.match(return_rule=True)
self.request.url_rule = url_rule
except HTTPException as e:
self.request.routing_exception = e
def push(self):
"""Binds the request context to the current context."""
# If an exception occurs in debug mode or if context preservation is
# activated under exception situations exactly one context stays
# on the stack. The rationale is that you want to access that
# information under debug situations. However if someone forgets to
# pop that context again we want to make sure that on the next push
# it's invalidated, otherwise we run at risk that something leaks
# memory. This is usually only a problem in test suite since this
# functionality is not active in production environments.
top = _request_ctx_stack.top
if top is not None and top.preserved:
top.pop(top._preserved_exc)
# Before we push the request context we have to ensure that there
# is an application context.
app_ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
if app_ctx is None or app_ctx.app != self.app:
app_ctx = self.app.app_context()
app_ctx.push()
self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(app_ctx)
else:
self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(None)
if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'):
sys.exc_clear()
_request_ctx_stack.push(self)
# Open the session at the moment that the request context is available.
# This allows a custom open_session method to use the request context.
# Only open a new session if this is the first time the request was
# pushed, otherwise stream_with_context loses the session.
if self.session is None:
session_interface = self.app.session_interface
self.session = session_interface.open_session(
self.app, self.request
)
if self.session is None:
self.session = session_interface.make_null_session(self.app)
def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
"""Pops the request context and unbinds it by doing that. This will
also trigger the execution of functions registered by the
:meth:`~flask.Flask.teardown_request` decorator.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9
Added the `exc` argument.
"""
app_ctx = self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.pop()
try:
clear_request = False
if not self._implicit_app_ctx_stack:
self.preserved = False
self._preserved_exc = None
if exc is _sentinel:
exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
self.app.do_teardown_request(exc)
# If this interpreter supports clearing the exception information
# we do that now. This will only go into effect on Python 2.x,
# on 3.x it disappears automatically at the end of the exception
# stack.
if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'):
sys.exc_clear()
request_close = getattr(self.request, 'close', None)
if request_close is not None:
request_close()
clear_request = True
finally:
rv = _request_ctx_stack.pop()
# get rid of circular dependencies at the end of the request
# so that we don't require the GC to be active.
if clear_request:
rv.request.environ['werkzeug.request'] = None
# Get rid of the app as well if necessary.
if app_ctx is not None:
app_ctx.pop(exc)
assert rv is self, 'Popped wrong request context. ' \
'(%r instead of %r)' % (rv, self)
def auto_pop(self, exc):
if self.request.environ.get('flask._preserve_context') or \
(exc is not None and self.app.preserve_context_on_exception):
self.preserved = True
self._preserved_exc = exc
else:
self.pop(exc)
def __enter__(self):
self.push()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
# do not pop the request stack if we are in debug mode and an
# exception happened. This will allow the debugger to still
# access the request object in the interactive shell. Furthermore
# the context can be force kept alive for the test client.
# See flask.testing for how this works.
self.auto_pop(exc_value)
if BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT and exc_type is not None:
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
def __repr__(self):
return '<%s \'%s\' [%s] of %s>' % (
self.__class__.__name__,
self.request.url,
self.request.method,
self.app.name,
)

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flask/debughelpers.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.debughelpers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Various helpers to make the development experience better.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import os
from warnings import warn
from ._compat import implements_to_string, text_type
from .app import Flask
from .blueprints import Blueprint
from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
class UnexpectedUnicodeError(AssertionError, UnicodeError):
"""Raised in places where we want some better error reporting for
unexpected unicode or binary data.
"""
@implements_to_string
class DebugFilesKeyError(KeyError, AssertionError):
"""Raised from request.files during debugging. The idea is that it can
provide a better error message than just a generic KeyError/BadRequest.
"""
def __init__(self, request, key):
form_matches = request.form.getlist(key)
buf = ['You tried to access the file "%s" in the request.files '
'dictionary but it does not exist. The mimetype for the request '
'is "%s" instead of "multipart/form-data" which means that no '
'file contents were transmitted. To fix this error you should '
'provide enctype="multipart/form-data" in your form.' %
(key, request.mimetype)]
if form_matches:
buf.append('\n\nThe browser instead transmitted some file names. '
'This was submitted: %s' % ', '.join('"%s"' % x
for x in form_matches))
self.msg = ''.join(buf)
def __str__(self):
return self.msg
class FormDataRoutingRedirect(AssertionError):
"""This exception is raised by Flask in debug mode if it detects a
redirect caused by the routing system when the request method is not
GET, HEAD or OPTIONS. Reasoning: form data will be dropped.
"""
def __init__(self, request):
exc = request.routing_exception
buf = ['A request was sent to this URL (%s) but a redirect was '
'issued automatically by the routing system to "%s".'
% (request.url, exc.new_url)]
# In case just a slash was appended we can be extra helpful
if request.base_url + '/' == exc.new_url.split('?')[0]:
buf.append(' The URL was defined with a trailing slash so '
'Flask will automatically redirect to the URL '
'with the trailing slash if it was accessed '
'without one.')
buf.append(' Make sure to directly send your %s-request to this URL '
'since we can\'t make browsers or HTTP clients redirect '
'with form data reliably or without user interaction.' %
request.method)
buf.append('\n\nNote: this exception is only raised in debug mode')
AssertionError.__init__(self, ''.join(buf).encode('utf-8'))
def attach_enctype_error_multidict(request):
"""Since Flask 0.8 we're monkeypatching the files object in case a
request is detected that does not use multipart form data but the files
object is accessed.
"""
oldcls = request.files.__class__
class newcls(oldcls):
def __getitem__(self, key):
try:
return oldcls.__getitem__(self, key)
except KeyError:
if key not in request.form:
raise
raise DebugFilesKeyError(request, key)
newcls.__name__ = oldcls.__name__
newcls.__module__ = oldcls.__module__
request.files.__class__ = newcls
def _dump_loader_info(loader):
yield 'class: %s.%s' % (type(loader).__module__, type(loader).__name__)
for key, value in sorted(loader.__dict__.items()):
if key.startswith('_'):
continue
if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
if not all(isinstance(x, (str, text_type)) for x in value):
continue
yield '%s:' % key
for item in value:
yield ' - %s' % item
continue
elif not isinstance(value, (str, text_type, int, float, bool)):
continue
yield '%s: %r' % (key, value)
def explain_template_loading_attempts(app, template, attempts):
"""This should help developers understand what failed"""
info = ['Locating template "%s":' % template]
total_found = 0
blueprint = None
reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
if reqctx is not None and reqctx.request.blueprint is not None:
blueprint = reqctx.request.blueprint
for idx, (loader, srcobj, triple) in enumerate(attempts):
if isinstance(srcobj, Flask):
src_info = 'application "%s"' % srcobj.import_name
elif isinstance(srcobj, Blueprint):
src_info = 'blueprint "%s" (%s)' % (srcobj.name,
srcobj.import_name)
else:
src_info = repr(srcobj)
info.append('% 5d: trying loader of %s' % (
idx + 1, src_info))
for line in _dump_loader_info(loader):
info.append(' %s' % line)
if triple is None:
detail = 'no match'
else:
detail = 'found (%r)' % (triple[1] or '<string>')
total_found += 1
info.append(' -> %s' % detail)
seems_fishy = False
if total_found == 0:
info.append('Error: the template could not be found.')
seems_fishy = True
elif total_found > 1:
info.append('Warning: multiple loaders returned a match for the template.')
seems_fishy = True
if blueprint is not None and seems_fishy:
info.append(' The template was looked up from an endpoint that '
'belongs to the blueprint "%s".' % blueprint)
info.append(' Maybe you did not place a template in the right folder?')
info.append(' See http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/blueprints/#templates')
app.logger.info('\n'.join(info))
def explain_ignored_app_run():
if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') != 'true':
warn(Warning('Silently ignoring app.run() because the '
'application is run from the flask command line '
'executable. Consider putting app.run() behind an '
'if __name__ == "__main__" guard to silence this '
'warning.'), stacklevel=3)

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flask/globals.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.globals
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Defines all the global objects that are proxies to the current
active context.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from functools import partial
from werkzeug.local import LocalStack, LocalProxy
_request_ctx_err_msg = '''\
Working outside of request context.
This typically means that you attempted to use functionality that needed
an active HTTP request. Consult the documentation on testing for
information about how to avoid this problem.\
'''
_app_ctx_err_msg = '''\
Working outside of application context.
This typically means that you attempted to use functionality that needed
to interface with the current application object in some way. To solve
this, set up an application context with app.app_context(). See the
documentation for more information.\
'''
def _lookup_req_object(name):
top = _request_ctx_stack.top
if top is None:
raise RuntimeError(_request_ctx_err_msg)
return getattr(top, name)
def _lookup_app_object(name):
top = _app_ctx_stack.top
if top is None:
raise RuntimeError(_app_ctx_err_msg)
return getattr(top, name)
def _find_app():
top = _app_ctx_stack.top
if top is None:
raise RuntimeError(_app_ctx_err_msg)
return top.app
# context locals
_request_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
_app_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
current_app = LocalProxy(_find_app)
request = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, 'request'))
session = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, 'session'))
g = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_app_object, 'g'))

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flask/json/__init__.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.json
~~~~~~~~~~
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import codecs
import io
import uuid
from datetime import date, datetime
from flask.globals import current_app, request
from flask._compat import text_type, PY2
from werkzeug.http import http_date
from jinja2 import Markup
# Use the same json implementation as itsdangerous on which we
# depend anyways.
from itsdangerous import json as _json
# Figure out if simplejson escapes slashes. This behavior was changed
# from one version to another without reason.
_slash_escape = '\\/' not in _json.dumps('/')
__all__ = ['dump', 'dumps', 'load', 'loads', 'htmlsafe_dump',
'htmlsafe_dumps', 'JSONDecoder', 'JSONEncoder',
'jsonify']
def _wrap_reader_for_text(fp, encoding):
if isinstance(fp.read(0), bytes):
fp = io.TextIOWrapper(io.BufferedReader(fp), encoding)
return fp
def _wrap_writer_for_text(fp, encoding):
try:
fp.write('')
except TypeError:
fp = io.TextIOWrapper(fp, encoding)
return fp
class JSONEncoder(_json.JSONEncoder):
"""The default Flask JSON encoder. This one extends the default simplejson
encoder by also supporting ``datetime`` objects, ``UUID`` as well as
``Markup`` objects which are serialized as RFC 822 datetime strings (same
as the HTTP date format). In order to support more data types override the
:meth:`default` method.
"""
def default(self, o):
"""Implement this method in a subclass such that it returns a
serializable object for ``o``, or calls the base implementation (to
raise a :exc:`TypeError`).
For example, to support arbitrary iterators, you could implement
default like this::
def default(self, o):
try:
iterable = iter(o)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
return list(iterable)
return JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
"""
if isinstance(o, datetime):
return http_date(o.utctimetuple())
if isinstance(o, date):
return http_date(o.timetuple())
if isinstance(o, uuid.UUID):
return str(o)
if hasattr(o, '__html__'):
return text_type(o.__html__())
return _json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
class JSONDecoder(_json.JSONDecoder):
"""The default JSON decoder. This one does not change the behavior from
the default simplejson decoder. Consult the :mod:`json` documentation
for more information. This decoder is not only used for the load
functions of this module but also :attr:`~flask.Request`.
"""
def _dump_arg_defaults(kwargs):
"""Inject default arguments for dump functions."""
if current_app:
bp = current_app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None
kwargs.setdefault(
'cls',
bp.json_encoder if bp and bp.json_encoder
else current_app.json_encoder
)
if not current_app.config['JSON_AS_ASCII']:
kwargs.setdefault('ensure_ascii', False)
kwargs.setdefault('sort_keys', current_app.config['JSON_SORT_KEYS'])
else:
kwargs.setdefault('sort_keys', True)
kwargs.setdefault('cls', JSONEncoder)
def _load_arg_defaults(kwargs):
"""Inject default arguments for load functions."""
if current_app:
bp = current_app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None
kwargs.setdefault(
'cls',
bp.json_decoder if bp and bp.json_decoder
else current_app.json_decoder
)
else:
kwargs.setdefault('cls', JSONDecoder)
def detect_encoding(data):
"""Detect which UTF codec was used to encode the given bytes.
The latest JSON standard (:rfc:`8259`) suggests that only UTF-8 is
accepted. Older documents allowed 8, 16, or 32. 16 and 32 can be big
or little endian. Some editors or libraries may prepend a BOM.
:param data: Bytes in unknown UTF encoding.
:return: UTF encoding name
"""
head = data[:4]
if head[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
return 'utf-8-sig'
if b'\x00' not in head:
return 'utf-8'
if head in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE):
return 'utf-32'
if head[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE):
return 'utf-16'
if len(head) == 4:
if head[:3] == b'\x00\x00\x00':
return 'utf-32-be'
if head[::2] == b'\x00\x00':
return 'utf-16-be'
if head[1:] == b'\x00\x00\x00':
return 'utf-32-le'
if head[1::2] == b'\x00\x00':
return 'utf-16-le'
if len(head) == 2:
return 'utf-16-be' if head.startswith(b'\x00') else 'utf-16-le'
return 'utf-8'
def dumps(obj, **kwargs):
"""Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str`` by using the application's
configured encoder (:attr:`~flask.Flask.json_encoder`) if there is an
application on the stack.
This function can return ``unicode`` strings or ascii-only bytestrings by
default which coerce into unicode strings automatically. That behavior by
default is controlled by the ``JSON_AS_ASCII`` configuration variable
and can be overridden by the simplejson ``ensure_ascii`` parameter.
"""
_dump_arg_defaults(kwargs)
encoding = kwargs.pop('encoding', None)
rv = _json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
if encoding is not None and isinstance(rv, text_type):
rv = rv.encode(encoding)
return rv
def dump(obj, fp, **kwargs):
"""Like :func:`dumps` but writes into a file object."""
_dump_arg_defaults(kwargs)
encoding = kwargs.pop('encoding', None)
if encoding is not None:
fp = _wrap_writer_for_text(fp, encoding)
_json.dump(obj, fp, **kwargs)
def loads(s, **kwargs):
"""Unserialize a JSON object from a string ``s`` by using the application's
configured decoder (:attr:`~flask.Flask.json_decoder`) if there is an
application on the stack.
"""
_load_arg_defaults(kwargs)
if isinstance(s, bytes):
encoding = kwargs.pop('encoding', None)
if encoding is None:
encoding = detect_encoding(s)
s = s.decode(encoding)
return _json.loads(s, **kwargs)
def load(fp, **kwargs):
"""Like :func:`loads` but reads from a file object.
"""
_load_arg_defaults(kwargs)
if not PY2:
fp = _wrap_reader_for_text(fp, kwargs.pop('encoding', None) or 'utf-8')
return _json.load(fp, **kwargs)
def htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs):
"""Works exactly like :func:`dumps` but is safe for use in ``<script>``
tags. It accepts the same arguments and returns a JSON string. Note that
this is available in templates through the ``|tojson`` filter which will
also mark the result as safe. Due to how this function escapes certain
characters this is safe even if used outside of ``<script>`` tags.
The following characters are escaped in strings:
- ``<``
- ``>``
- ``&``
- ``'``
This makes it safe to embed such strings in any place in HTML with the
notable exception of double quoted attributes. In that case single
quote your attributes or HTML escape it in addition.
.. versionchanged:: 0.10
This function's return value is now always safe for HTML usage, even
if outside of script tags or if used in XHTML. This rule does not
hold true when using this function in HTML attributes that are double
quoted. Always single quote attributes if you use the ``|tojson``
filter. Alternatively use ``|tojson|forceescape``.
"""
rv = dumps(obj, **kwargs) \
.replace(u'<', u'\\u003c') \
.replace(u'>', u'\\u003e') \
.replace(u'&', u'\\u0026') \
.replace(u"'", u'\\u0027')
if not _slash_escape:
rv = rv.replace('\\/', '/')
return rv
def htmlsafe_dump(obj, fp, **kwargs):
"""Like :func:`htmlsafe_dumps` but writes into a file object."""
fp.write(text_type(htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs)))
def jsonify(*args, **kwargs):
"""This function wraps :func:`dumps` to add a few enhancements that make
life easier. It turns the JSON output into a :class:`~flask.Response`
object with the :mimetype:`application/json` mimetype. For convenience, it
also converts multiple arguments into an array or multiple keyword arguments
into a dict. This means that both ``jsonify(1,2,3)`` and
``jsonify([1,2,3])`` serialize to ``[1,2,3]``.
For clarity, the JSON serialization behavior has the following differences
from :func:`dumps`:
1. Single argument: Passed straight through to :func:`dumps`.
2. Multiple arguments: Converted to an array before being passed to
:func:`dumps`.
3. Multiple keyword arguments: Converted to a dict before being passed to
:func:`dumps`.
4. Both args and kwargs: Behavior undefined and will throw an exception.
Example usage::
from flask import jsonify
@app.route('/_get_current_user')
def get_current_user():
return jsonify(username=g.user.username,
email=g.user.email,
id=g.user.id)
This will send a JSON response like this to the browser::
{
"username": "admin",
"email": "admin@localhost",
"id": 42
}
.. versionchanged:: 0.11
Added support for serializing top-level arrays. This introduces a
security risk in ancient browsers. See :ref:`json-security` for details.
This function's response will be pretty printed if the
``JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR`` config parameter is set to True or the
Flask app is running in debug mode. Compressed (not pretty) formatting
currently means no indents and no spaces after separators.
.. versionadded:: 0.2
"""
indent = None
separators = (',', ':')
if current_app.config['JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR'] or current_app.debug:
indent = 2
separators = (', ', ': ')
if args and kwargs:
raise TypeError('jsonify() behavior undefined when passed both args and kwargs')
elif len(args) == 1: # single args are passed directly to dumps()
data = args[0]
else:
data = args or kwargs
return current_app.response_class(
dumps(data, indent=indent, separators=separators) + '\n',
mimetype=current_app.config['JSONIFY_MIMETYPE']
)
def tojson_filter(obj, **kwargs):
return Markup(htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs))

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Tagged JSON
~~~~~~~~~~~
A compact representation for lossless serialization of non-standard JSON types.
:class:`~flask.sessions.SecureCookieSessionInterface` uses this to serialize
the session data, but it may be useful in other places. It can be extended to
support other types.
.. autoclass:: TaggedJSONSerializer
:members:
.. autoclass:: JSONTag
:members:
Let's seen an example that adds support for :class:`~collections.OrderedDict`.
Dicts don't have an order in Python or JSON, so to handle this we will dump
the items as a list of ``[key, value]`` pairs. Subclass :class:`JSONTag` and
give it the new key ``' od'`` to identify the type. The session serializer
processes dicts first, so insert the new tag at the front of the order since
``OrderedDict`` must be processed before ``dict``. ::
from flask.json.tag import JSONTag
class TagOrderedDict(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ('serializer',)
key = ' od'
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, OrderedDict)
def to_json(self, value):
return [[k, self.serializer.tag(v)] for k, v in iteritems(value)]
def to_python(self, value):
return OrderedDict(value)
app.session_interface.serializer.register(TagOrderedDict, index=0)
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from base64 import b64decode, b64encode
from datetime import datetime
from uuid import UUID
from jinja2 import Markup
from werkzeug.http import http_date, parse_date
from flask._compat import iteritems, text_type
from flask.json import dumps, loads
class JSONTag(object):
"""Base class for defining type tags for :class:`TaggedJSONSerializer`."""
__slots__ = ('serializer',)
#: The tag to mark the serialized object with. If ``None``, this tag is
#: only used as an intermediate step during tagging.
key = None
def __init__(self, serializer):
"""Create a tagger for the given serializer."""
self.serializer = serializer
def check(self, value):
"""Check if the given value should be tagged by this tag."""
raise NotImplementedError
def to_json(self, value):
"""Convert the Python object to an object that is a valid JSON type.
The tag will be added later."""
raise NotImplementedError
def to_python(self, value):
"""Convert the JSON representation back to the correct type. The tag
will already be removed."""
raise NotImplementedError
def tag(self, value):
"""Convert the value to a valid JSON type and add the tag structure
around it."""
return {self.key: self.to_json(value)}
class TagDict(JSONTag):
"""Tag for 1-item dicts whose only key matches a registered tag.
Internally, the dict key is suffixed with `__`, and the suffix is removed
when deserializing.
"""
__slots__ = ()
key = ' di'
def check(self, value):
return (
isinstance(value, dict)
and len(value) == 1
and next(iter(value)) in self.serializer.tags
)
def to_json(self, value):
key = next(iter(value))
return {key + '__': self.serializer.tag(value[key])}
def to_python(self, value):
key = next(iter(value))
return {key[:-2]: value[key]}
class PassDict(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, dict)
def to_json(self, value):
# JSON objects may only have string keys, so don't bother tagging the
# key here.
return dict((k, self.serializer.tag(v)) for k, v in iteritems(value))
tag = to_json
class TagTuple(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = ' t'
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, tuple)
def to_json(self, value):
return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
def to_python(self, value):
return tuple(value)
class PassList(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, list)
def to_json(self, value):
return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
tag = to_json
class TagBytes(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = ' b'
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, bytes)
def to_json(self, value):
return b64encode(value).decode('ascii')
def to_python(self, value):
return b64decode(value)
class TagMarkup(JSONTag):
"""Serialize anything matching the :class:`~flask.Markup` API by
having a ``__html__`` method to the result of that method. Always
deserializes to an instance of :class:`~flask.Markup`."""
__slots__ = ()
key = ' m'
def check(self, value):
return callable(getattr(value, '__html__', None))
def to_json(self, value):
return text_type(value.__html__())
def to_python(self, value):
return Markup(value)
class TagUUID(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = ' u'
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, UUID)
def to_json(self, value):
return value.hex
def to_python(self, value):
return UUID(value)
class TagDateTime(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = ' d'
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, datetime)
def to_json(self, value):
return http_date(value)
def to_python(self, value):
return parse_date(value)
class TaggedJSONSerializer(object):
"""Serializer that uses a tag system to compactly represent objects that
are not JSON types. Passed as the intermediate serializer to
:class:`itsdangerous.Serializer`.
The following extra types are supported:
* :class:`dict`
* :class:`tuple`
* :class:`bytes`
* :class:`~flask.Markup`
* :class:`~uuid.UUID`
* :class:`~datetime.datetime`
"""
__slots__ = ('tags', 'order')
#: Tag classes to bind when creating the serializer. Other tags can be
#: added later using :meth:`~register`.
default_tags = [
TagDict, PassDict, TagTuple, PassList, TagBytes, TagMarkup, TagUUID,
TagDateTime,
]
def __init__(self):
self.tags = {}
self.order = []
for cls in self.default_tags:
self.register(cls)
def register(self, tag_class, force=False, index=None):
"""Register a new tag with this serializer.
:param tag_class: tag class to register. Will be instantiated with this
serializer instance.
:param force: overwrite an existing tag. If false (default), a
:exc:`KeyError` is raised.
:param index: index to insert the new tag in the tag order. Useful when
the new tag is a special case of an existing tag. If ``None``
(default), the tag is appended to the end of the order.
:raise KeyError: if the tag key is already registered and ``force`` is
not true.
"""
tag = tag_class(self)
key = tag.key
if key is not None:
if not force and key in self.tags:
raise KeyError("Tag '{0}' is already registered.".format(key))
self.tags[key] = tag
if index is None:
self.order.append(tag)
else:
self.order.insert(index, tag)
def tag(self, value):
"""Convert a value to a tagged representation if necessary."""
for tag in self.order:
if tag.check(value):
return tag.tag(value)
return value
def untag(self, value):
"""Convert a tagged representation back to the original type."""
if len(value) != 1:
return value
key = next(iter(value))
if key not in self.tags:
return value
return self.tags[key].to_python(value[key])
def dumps(self, value):
"""Tag the value and dump it to a compact JSON string."""
return dumps(self.tag(value), separators=(',', ':'))
def loads(self, value):
"""Load data from a JSON string and deserialized any tagged objects."""
return loads(value, object_hook=self.untag)

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flask/logging.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.logging
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import logging
import sys
from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy
from .globals import request
@LocalProxy
def wsgi_errors_stream():
"""Find the most appropriate error stream for the application. If a request
is active, log to ``wsgi.errors``, otherwise use ``sys.stderr``.
If you configure your own :class:`logging.StreamHandler`, you may want to
use this for the stream. If you are using file or dict configuration and
can't import this directly, you can refer to it as
``ext://flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream``.
"""
return request.environ['wsgi.errors'] if request else sys.stderr
def has_level_handler(logger):
"""Check if there is a handler in the logging chain that will handle the
given logger's :meth:`effective level <~logging.Logger.getEffectiveLevel>`.
"""
level = logger.getEffectiveLevel()
current = logger
while current:
if any(handler.level <= level for handler in current.handlers):
return True
if not current.propagate:
break
current = current.parent
return False
#: Log messages to :func:`~flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream` with the format
#: ``[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s``.
default_handler = logging.StreamHandler(wsgi_errors_stream)
default_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(
'[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s'
))
def create_logger(app):
"""Get the ``'flask.app'`` logger and configure it if needed.
When :attr:`~flask.Flask.debug` is enabled, set the logger level to
:data:`logging.DEBUG` if it is not set.
If there is no handler for the logger's effective level, add a
:class:`~logging.StreamHandler` for
:func:`~flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream` with a basic format.
"""
logger = logging.getLogger('flask.app')
if app.debug and logger.level == logging.NOTSET:
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
if not has_level_handler(logger):
logger.addHandler(default_handler)
return logger

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flask/sessions.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.sessions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements cookie based sessions based on itsdangerous.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import hashlib
import warnings
from collections import MutableMapping
from datetime import datetime
from itsdangerous import BadSignature, URLSafeTimedSerializer
from werkzeug.datastructures import CallbackDict
from flask.helpers import is_ip, total_seconds
from flask.json.tag import TaggedJSONSerializer
class SessionMixin(MutableMapping):
"""Expands a basic dictionary with session attributes."""
@property
def permanent(self):
"""This reflects the ``'_permanent'`` key in the dict."""
return self.get('_permanent', False)
@permanent.setter
def permanent(self, value):
self['_permanent'] = bool(value)
#: Some implementations can detect whether a session is newly
#: created, but that is not guaranteed. Use with caution. The mixin
# default is hard-coded ``False``.
new = False
#: Some implementations can detect changes to the session and set
#: this when that happens. The mixin default is hard coded to
#: ``True``.
modified = True
#: Some implementations can detect when session data is read or
#: written and set this when that happens. The mixin default is hard
#: coded to ``True``.
accessed = True
class SecureCookieSession(CallbackDict, SessionMixin):
"""Base class for sessions based on signed cookies.
This session backend will set the :attr:`modified` and
:attr:`accessed` attributes. It cannot reliably track whether a
session is new (vs. empty), so :attr:`new` remains hard coded to
``False``.
"""
#: When data is changed, this is set to ``True``. Only the session
#: dictionary itself is tracked; if the session contains mutable
#: data (for example a nested dict) then this must be set to
#: ``True`` manually when modifying that data. The session cookie
#: will only be written to the response if this is ``True``.
modified = False
#: When data is read or written, this is set to ``True``. Used by
# :class:`.SecureCookieSessionInterface` to add a ``Vary: Cookie``
#: header, which allows caching proxies to cache different pages for
#: different users.
accessed = False
def __init__(self, initial=None):
def on_update(self):
self.modified = True
self.accessed = True
super(SecureCookieSession, self).__init__(initial, on_update)
def __getitem__(self, key):
self.accessed = True
return super(SecureCookieSession, self).__getitem__(key)
def get(self, key, default=None):
self.accessed = True
return super(SecureCookieSession, self).get(key, default)
def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
self.accessed = True
return super(SecureCookieSession, self).setdefault(key, default)
class NullSession(SecureCookieSession):
"""Class used to generate nicer error messages if sessions are not
available. Will still allow read-only access to the empty session
but fail on setting.
"""
def _fail(self, *args, **kwargs):
raise RuntimeError('The session is unavailable because no secret '
'key was set. Set the secret_key on the '
'application to something unique and secret.')
__setitem__ = __delitem__ = clear = pop = popitem = \
update = setdefault = _fail
del _fail
class SessionInterface(object):
"""The basic interface you have to implement in order to replace the
default session interface which uses werkzeug's securecookie
implementation. The only methods you have to implement are
:meth:`open_session` and :meth:`save_session`, the others have
useful defaults which you don't need to change.
The session object returned by the :meth:`open_session` method has to
provide a dictionary like interface plus the properties and methods
from the :class:`SessionMixin`. We recommend just subclassing a dict
and adding that mixin::
class Session(dict, SessionMixin):
pass
If :meth:`open_session` returns ``None`` Flask will call into
:meth:`make_null_session` to create a session that acts as replacement
if the session support cannot work because some requirement is not
fulfilled. The default :class:`NullSession` class that is created
will complain that the secret key was not set.
To replace the session interface on an application all you have to do
is to assign :attr:`flask.Flask.session_interface`::
app = Flask(__name__)
app.session_interface = MySessionInterface()
.. versionadded:: 0.8
"""
#: :meth:`make_null_session` will look here for the class that should
#: be created when a null session is requested. Likewise the
#: :meth:`is_null_session` method will perform a typecheck against
#: this type.
null_session_class = NullSession
#: A flag that indicates if the session interface is pickle based.
#: This can be used by Flask extensions to make a decision in regards
#: to how to deal with the session object.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.10
pickle_based = False
def make_null_session(self, app):
"""Creates a null session which acts as a replacement object if the
real session support could not be loaded due to a configuration
error. This mainly aids the user experience because the job of the
null session is to still support lookup without complaining but
modifications are answered with a helpful error message of what
failed.
This creates an instance of :attr:`null_session_class` by default.
"""
return self.null_session_class()
def is_null_session(self, obj):
"""Checks if a given object is a null session. Null sessions are
not asked to be saved.
This checks if the object is an instance of :attr:`null_session_class`
by default.
"""
return isinstance(obj, self.null_session_class)
def get_cookie_domain(self, app):
"""Returns the domain that should be set for the session cookie.
Uses ``SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN`` if it is configured, otherwise
falls back to detecting the domain based on ``SERVER_NAME``.
Once detected (or if not set at all), ``SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN`` is
updated to avoid re-running the logic.
"""
rv = app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN']
# set explicitly, or cached from SERVER_NAME detection
# if False, return None
if rv is not None:
return rv if rv else None
rv = app.config['SERVER_NAME']
# server name not set, cache False to return none next time
if not rv:
app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN'] = False
return None
# chop off the port which is usually not supported by browsers
# remove any leading '.' since we'll add that later
rv = rv.rsplit(':', 1)[0].lstrip('.')
if '.' not in rv:
# Chrome doesn't allow names without a '.'
# this should only come up with localhost
# hack around this by not setting the name, and show a warning
warnings.warn(
'"{rv}" is not a valid cookie domain, it must contain a ".".'
' Add an entry to your hosts file, for example'
' "{rv}.localdomain", and use that instead.'.format(rv=rv)
)
app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN'] = False
return None
ip = is_ip(rv)
if ip:
warnings.warn(
'The session cookie domain is an IP address. This may not work'
' as intended in some browsers. Add an entry to your hosts'
' file, for example "localhost.localdomain", and use that'
' instead.'
)
# if this is not an ip and app is mounted at the root, allow subdomain
# matching by adding a '.' prefix
if self.get_cookie_path(app) == '/' and not ip:
rv = '.' + rv
app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN'] = rv
return rv
def get_cookie_path(self, app):
"""Returns the path for which the cookie should be valid. The
default implementation uses the value from the ``SESSION_COOKIE_PATH``
config var if it's set, and falls back to ``APPLICATION_ROOT`` or
uses ``/`` if it's ``None``.
"""
return app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_PATH'] \
or app.config['APPLICATION_ROOT']
def get_cookie_httponly(self, app):
"""Returns True if the session cookie should be httponly. This
currently just returns the value of the ``SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY``
config var.
"""
return app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY']
def get_cookie_secure(self, app):
"""Returns True if the cookie should be secure. This currently
just returns the value of the ``SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE`` setting.
"""
return app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE']
def get_cookie_samesite(self, app):
"""Return ``'Strict'`` or ``'Lax'`` if the cookie should use the
``SameSite`` attribute. This currently just returns the value of
the :data:`SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE` setting.
"""
return app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE']
def get_expiration_time(self, app, session):
"""A helper method that returns an expiration date for the session
or ``None`` if the session is linked to the browser session. The
default implementation returns now + the permanent session
lifetime configured on the application.
"""
if session.permanent:
return datetime.utcnow() + app.permanent_session_lifetime
def should_set_cookie(self, app, session):
"""Used by session backends to determine if a ``Set-Cookie`` header
should be set for this session cookie for this response. If the session
has been modified, the cookie is set. If the session is permanent and
the ``SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST`` config is true, the cookie is
always set.
This check is usually skipped if the session was deleted.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
return session.modified or (
session.permanent and app.config['SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST']
)
def open_session(self, app, request):
"""This method has to be implemented and must either return ``None``
in case the loading failed because of a configuration error or an
instance of a session object which implements a dictionary like
interface + the methods and attributes on :class:`SessionMixin`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def save_session(self, app, session, response):
"""This is called for actual sessions returned by :meth:`open_session`
at the end of the request. This is still called during a request
context so if you absolutely need access to the request you can do
that.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
session_json_serializer = TaggedJSONSerializer()
class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
"""The default session interface that stores sessions in signed cookies
through the :mod:`itsdangerous` module.
"""
#: the salt that should be applied on top of the secret key for the
#: signing of cookie based sessions.
salt = 'cookie-session'
#: the hash function to use for the signature. The default is sha1
digest_method = staticmethod(hashlib.sha1)
#: the name of the itsdangerous supported key derivation. The default
#: is hmac.
key_derivation = 'hmac'
#: A python serializer for the payload. The default is a compact
#: JSON derived serializer with support for some extra Python types
#: such as datetime objects or tuples.
serializer = session_json_serializer
session_class = SecureCookieSession
def get_signing_serializer(self, app):
if not app.secret_key:
return None
signer_kwargs = dict(
key_derivation=self.key_derivation,
digest_method=self.digest_method
)
return URLSafeTimedSerializer(app.secret_key, salt=self.salt,
serializer=self.serializer,
signer_kwargs=signer_kwargs)
def open_session(self, app, request):
s = self.get_signing_serializer(app)
if s is None:
return None
val = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name)
if not val:
return self.session_class()
max_age = total_seconds(app.permanent_session_lifetime)
try:
data = s.loads(val, max_age=max_age)
return self.session_class(data)
except BadSignature:
return self.session_class()
def save_session(self, app, session, response):
domain = self.get_cookie_domain(app)
path = self.get_cookie_path(app)
# If the session is modified to be empty, remove the cookie.
# If the session is empty, return without setting the cookie.
if not session:
if session.modified:
response.delete_cookie(
app.session_cookie_name,
domain=domain,
path=path
)
return
# Add a "Vary: Cookie" header if the session was accessed at all.
if session.accessed:
response.vary.add('Cookie')
if not self.should_set_cookie(app, session):
return
httponly = self.get_cookie_httponly(app)
secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)
samesite = self.get_cookie_samesite(app)
expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)
val = self.get_signing_serializer(app).dumps(dict(session))
response.set_cookie(
app.session_cookie_name,
val,
expires=expires,
httponly=httponly,
domain=domain,
path=path,
secure=secure,
samesite=samesite
)

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flask/signals.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.signals
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements signals based on blinker if available, otherwise
falls silently back to a noop.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
signals_available = False
try:
from blinker import Namespace
signals_available = True
except ImportError:
class Namespace(object):
def signal(self, name, doc=None):
return _FakeSignal(name, doc)
class _FakeSignal(object):
"""If blinker is unavailable, create a fake class with the same
interface that allows sending of signals but will fail with an
error on anything else. Instead of doing anything on send, it
will just ignore the arguments and do nothing instead.
"""
def __init__(self, name, doc=None):
self.name = name
self.__doc__ = doc
def _fail(self, *args, **kwargs):
raise RuntimeError('signalling support is unavailable '
'because the blinker library is '
'not installed.')
send = lambda *a, **kw: None
connect = disconnect = has_receivers_for = receivers_for = \
temporarily_connected_to = connected_to = _fail
del _fail
# The namespace for code signals. If you are not Flask code, do
# not put signals in here. Create your own namespace instead.
_signals = Namespace()
# Core signals. For usage examples grep the source code or consult
# the API documentation in docs/api.rst as well as docs/signals.rst
template_rendered = _signals.signal('template-rendered')
before_render_template = _signals.signal('before-render-template')
request_started = _signals.signal('request-started')
request_finished = _signals.signal('request-finished')
request_tearing_down = _signals.signal('request-tearing-down')
got_request_exception = _signals.signal('got-request-exception')
appcontext_tearing_down = _signals.signal('appcontext-tearing-down')
appcontext_pushed = _signals.signal('appcontext-pushed')
appcontext_popped = _signals.signal('appcontext-popped')
message_flashed = _signals.signal('message-flashed')

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flask/templating.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.templating
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements the bridge to Jinja2.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from jinja2 import BaseLoader, Environment as BaseEnvironment, \
TemplateNotFound
from .globals import _request_ctx_stack, _app_ctx_stack
from .signals import template_rendered, before_render_template
def _default_template_ctx_processor():
"""Default template context processor. Injects `request`,
`session` and `g`.
"""
reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
appctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
rv = {}
if appctx is not None:
rv['g'] = appctx.g
if reqctx is not None:
rv['request'] = reqctx.request
rv['session'] = reqctx.session
return rv
class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
"""Works like a regular Jinja2 environment but has some additional
knowledge of how Flask's blueprint works so that it can prepend the
name of the blueprint to referenced templates if necessary.
"""
def __init__(self, app, **options):
if 'loader' not in options:
options['loader'] = app.create_global_jinja_loader()
BaseEnvironment.__init__(self, **options)
self.app = app
class DispatchingJinjaLoader(BaseLoader):
"""A loader that looks for templates in the application and all
the blueprint folders.
"""
def __init__(self, app):
self.app = app
def get_source(self, environment, template):
if self.app.config['EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING']:
return self._get_source_explained(environment, template)
return self._get_source_fast(environment, template)
def _get_source_explained(self, environment, template):
attempts = []
trv = None
for srcobj, loader in self._iter_loaders(template):
try:
rv = loader.get_source(environment, template)
if trv is None:
trv = rv
except TemplateNotFound:
rv = None
attempts.append((loader, srcobj, rv))
from .debughelpers import explain_template_loading_attempts
explain_template_loading_attempts(self.app, template, attempts)
if trv is not None:
return trv
raise TemplateNotFound(template)
def _get_source_fast(self, environment, template):
for srcobj, loader in self._iter_loaders(template):
try:
return loader.get_source(environment, template)
except TemplateNotFound:
continue
raise TemplateNotFound(template)
def _iter_loaders(self, template):
loader = self.app.jinja_loader
if loader is not None:
yield self.app, loader
for blueprint in self.app.iter_blueprints():
loader = blueprint.jinja_loader
if loader is not None:
yield blueprint, loader
def list_templates(self):
result = set()
loader = self.app.jinja_loader
if loader is not None:
result.update(loader.list_templates())
for blueprint in self.app.iter_blueprints():
loader = blueprint.jinja_loader
if loader is not None:
for template in loader.list_templates():
result.add(template)
return list(result)
def _render(template, context, app):
"""Renders the template and fires the signal"""
before_render_template.send(app, template=template, context=context)
rv = template.render(context)
template_rendered.send(app, template=template, context=context)
return rv
def render_template(template_name_or_list, **context):
"""Renders a template from the template folder with the given
context.
:param template_name_or_list: the name of the template to be
rendered, or an iterable with template names
the first one existing will be rendered
:param context: the variables that should be available in the
context of the template.
"""
ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
ctx.app.update_template_context(context)
return _render(ctx.app.jinja_env.get_or_select_template(template_name_or_list),
context, ctx.app)
def render_template_string(source, **context):
"""Renders a template from the given template source string
with the given context. Template variables will be autoescaped.
:param source: the source code of the template to be
rendered
:param context: the variables that should be available in the
context of the template.
"""
ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
ctx.app.update_template_context(context)
return _render(ctx.app.jinja_env.from_string(source),
context, ctx.app)

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flask/testing.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.testing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements test support helpers. This module is lazily imported
and usually not used in production environments.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import werkzeug
from contextlib import contextmanager
from click.testing import CliRunner
from flask.cli import ScriptInfo
from werkzeug.test import Client, EnvironBuilder
from flask import _request_ctx_stack
from flask.json import dumps as json_dumps
from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
def make_test_environ_builder(
app, path='/', base_url=None, subdomain=None, url_scheme=None,
*args, **kwargs
):
"""Create a :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`, taking some
defaults from the application.
:param app: The Flask application to configure the environment from.
:param path: URL path being requested.
:param base_url: Base URL where the app is being served, which
``path`` is relative to. If not given, built from
:data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`, ``subdomain``,
:data:`SERVER_NAME`, and :data:`APPLICATION_ROOT`.
:param subdomain: Subdomain name to append to :data:`SERVER_NAME`.
:param url_scheme: Scheme to use instead of
:data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`.
:param json: If given, this is serialized as JSON and passed as
``data``. Also defaults ``content_type`` to
``application/json``.
:param args: other positional arguments passed to
:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
:param kwargs: other keyword arguments passed to
:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
"""
assert (
not (base_url or subdomain or url_scheme)
or (base_url is not None) != bool(subdomain or url_scheme)
), 'Cannot pass "subdomain" or "url_scheme" with "base_url".'
if base_url is None:
http_host = app.config.get('SERVER_NAME') or 'localhost'
app_root = app.config['APPLICATION_ROOT']
if subdomain:
http_host = '{0}.{1}'.format(subdomain, http_host)
if url_scheme is None:
url_scheme = app.config['PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME']
url = url_parse(path)
base_url = '{scheme}://{netloc}/{path}'.format(
scheme=url.scheme or url_scheme,
netloc=url.netloc or http_host,
path=app_root.lstrip('/')
)
path = url.path
if url.query:
sep = b'?' if isinstance(url.query, bytes) else '?'
path += sep + url.query
if 'json' in kwargs:
assert 'data' not in kwargs, (
"Client cannot provide both 'json' and 'data'."
)
# push a context so flask.json can use app's json attributes
with app.app_context():
kwargs['data'] = json_dumps(kwargs.pop('json'))
if 'content_type' not in kwargs:
kwargs['content_type'] = 'application/json'
return EnvironBuilder(path, base_url, *args, **kwargs)
class FlaskClient(Client):
"""Works like a regular Werkzeug test client but has some knowledge about
how Flask works to defer the cleanup of the request context stack to the
end of a ``with`` body when used in a ``with`` statement. For general
information about how to use this class refer to
:class:`werkzeug.test.Client`.
.. versionchanged:: 0.12
`app.test_client()` includes preset default environment, which can be
set after instantiation of the `app.test_client()` object in
`client.environ_base`.
Basic usage is outlined in the :ref:`testing` chapter.
"""
preserve_context = False
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(FlaskClient, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.environ_base = {
"REMOTE_ADDR": "127.0.0.1",
"HTTP_USER_AGENT": "werkzeug/" + werkzeug.__version__
}
@contextmanager
def session_transaction(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""When used in combination with a ``with`` statement this opens a
session transaction. This can be used to modify the session that
the test client uses. Once the ``with`` block is left the session is
stored back.
::
with client.session_transaction() as session:
session['value'] = 42
Internally this is implemented by going through a temporary test
request context and since session handling could depend on
request variables this function accepts the same arguments as
:meth:`~flask.Flask.test_request_context` which are directly
passed through.
"""
if self.cookie_jar is None:
raise RuntimeError('Session transactions only make sense '
'with cookies enabled.')
app = self.application
environ_overrides = kwargs.setdefault('environ_overrides', {})
self.cookie_jar.inject_wsgi(environ_overrides)
outer_reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
with app.test_request_context(*args, **kwargs) as c:
session_interface = app.session_interface
sess = session_interface.open_session(app, c.request)
if sess is None:
raise RuntimeError('Session backend did not open a session. '
'Check the configuration')
# Since we have to open a new request context for the session
# handling we want to make sure that we hide out own context
# from the caller. By pushing the original request context
# (or None) on top of this and popping it we get exactly that
# behavior. It's important to not use the push and pop
# methods of the actual request context object since that would
# mean that cleanup handlers are called
_request_ctx_stack.push(outer_reqctx)
try:
yield sess
finally:
_request_ctx_stack.pop()
resp = app.response_class()
if not session_interface.is_null_session(sess):
session_interface.save_session(app, sess, resp)
headers = resp.get_wsgi_headers(c.request.environ)
self.cookie_jar.extract_wsgi(c.request.environ, headers)
def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
as_tuple = kwargs.pop('as_tuple', False)
buffered = kwargs.pop('buffered', False)
follow_redirects = kwargs.pop('follow_redirects', False)
if (
not kwargs and len(args) == 1
and isinstance(args[0], (EnvironBuilder, dict))
):
environ = self.environ_base.copy()
if isinstance(args[0], EnvironBuilder):
environ.update(args[0].get_environ())
else:
environ.update(args[0])
environ['flask._preserve_context'] = self.preserve_context
else:
kwargs.setdefault('environ_overrides', {}) \
['flask._preserve_context'] = self.preserve_context
kwargs.setdefault('environ_base', self.environ_base)
builder = make_test_environ_builder(
self.application, *args, **kwargs
)
try:
environ = builder.get_environ()
finally:
builder.close()
return Client.open(
self, environ,
as_tuple=as_tuple,
buffered=buffered,
follow_redirects=follow_redirects
)
def __enter__(self):
if self.preserve_context:
raise RuntimeError('Cannot nest client invocations')
self.preserve_context = True
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.preserve_context = False
# on exit we want to clean up earlier. Normally the request context
# stays preserved until the next request in the same thread comes
# in. See RequestGlobals.push() for the general behavior.
top = _request_ctx_stack.top
if top is not None and top.preserved:
top.pop()
class FlaskCliRunner(CliRunner):
"""A :class:`~click.testing.CliRunner` for testing a Flask app's
CLI commands. Typically created using
:meth:`~flask.Flask.test_cli_runner`. See :ref:`testing-cli`.
"""
def __init__(self, app, **kwargs):
self.app = app
super(FlaskCliRunner, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def invoke(self, cli=None, args=None, **kwargs):
"""Invokes a CLI command in an isolated environment. See
:meth:`CliRunner.invoke <click.testing.CliRunner.invoke>` for
full method documentation. See :ref:`testing-cli` for examples.
If the ``obj`` argument is not given, passes an instance of
:class:`~flask.cli.ScriptInfo` that knows how to load the Flask
app being tested.
:param cli: Command object to invoke. Default is the app's
:attr:`~flask.app.Flask.cli` group.
:param args: List of strings to invoke the command with.
:return: a :class:`~click.testing.Result` object.
"""
if cli is None:
cli = self.app.cli
if 'obj' not in kwargs:
kwargs['obj'] = ScriptInfo(create_app=lambda: self.app)
return super(FlaskCliRunner, self).invoke(cli, args, **kwargs)

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flask/views.py
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@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.views
~~~~~~~~~~~
This module provides class-based views inspired by the ones in Django.
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from .globals import request
from ._compat import with_metaclass
http_method_funcs = frozenset(['get', 'post', 'head', 'options',
'delete', 'put', 'trace', 'patch'])
class View(object):
"""Alternative way to use view functions. A subclass has to implement
:meth:`dispatch_request` which is called with the view arguments from
the URL routing system. If :attr:`methods` is provided the methods
do not have to be passed to the :meth:`~flask.Flask.add_url_rule`
method explicitly::
class MyView(View):
methods = ['GET']
def dispatch_request(self, name):
return 'Hello %s!' % name
app.add_url_rule('/hello/<name>', view_func=MyView.as_view('myview'))
When you want to decorate a pluggable view you will have to either do that
when the view function is created (by wrapping the return value of
:meth:`as_view`) or you can use the :attr:`decorators` attribute::
class SecretView(View):
methods = ['GET']
decorators = [superuser_required]
def dispatch_request(self):
...
The decorators stored in the decorators list are applied one after another
when the view function is created. Note that you can *not* use the class
based decorators since those would decorate the view class and not the
generated view function!
"""
#: A list of methods this view can handle.
methods = None
#: Setting this disables or force-enables the automatic options handling.
provide_automatic_options = None
#: The canonical way to decorate class-based views is to decorate the
#: return value of as_view(). However since this moves parts of the
#: logic from the class declaration to the place where it's hooked
#: into the routing system.
#:
#: You can place one or more decorators in this list and whenever the
#: view function is created the result is automatically decorated.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.8
decorators = ()
def dispatch_request(self):
"""Subclasses have to override this method to implement the
actual view function code. This method is called with all
the arguments from the URL rule.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
@classmethod
def as_view(cls, name, *class_args, **class_kwargs):
"""Converts the class into an actual view function that can be used
with the routing system. Internally this generates a function on the
fly which will instantiate the :class:`View` on each request and call
the :meth:`dispatch_request` method on it.
The arguments passed to :meth:`as_view` are forwarded to the
constructor of the class.
"""
def view(*args, **kwargs):
self = view.view_class(*class_args, **class_kwargs)
return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs)
if cls.decorators:
view.__name__ = name
view.__module__ = cls.__module__
for decorator in cls.decorators:
view = decorator(view)
# We attach the view class to the view function for two reasons:
# first of all it allows us to easily figure out what class-based
# view this thing came from, secondly it's also used for instantiating
# the view class so you can actually replace it with something else
# for testing purposes and debugging.
view.view_class = cls
view.__name__ = name
view.__doc__ = cls.__doc__
view.__module__ = cls.__module__
view.methods = cls.methods
view.provide_automatic_options = cls.provide_automatic_options
return view
class MethodViewType(type):
"""Metaclass for :class:`MethodView` that determines what methods the view
defines.
"""
def __init__(cls, name, bases, d):
super(MethodViewType, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
if 'methods' not in d:
methods = set()
for key in http_method_funcs:
if hasattr(cls, key):
methods.add(key.upper())
# If we have no method at all in there we don't want to add a
# method list. This is for instance the case for the base class
# or another subclass of a base method view that does not introduce
# new methods.
if methods:
cls.methods = methods
class MethodView(with_metaclass(MethodViewType, View)):
"""A class-based view that dispatches request methods to the corresponding
class methods. For example, if you implement a ``get`` method, it will be
used to handle ``GET`` requests. ::
class CounterAPI(MethodView):
def get(self):
return session.get('counter', 0)
def post(self):
session['counter'] = session.get('counter', 0) + 1
return 'OK'
app.add_url_rule('/counter', view_func=CounterAPI.as_view('counter'))
"""
def dispatch_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
meth = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), None)
# If the request method is HEAD and we don't have a handler for it
# retry with GET.
if meth is None and request.method == 'HEAD':
meth = getattr(self, 'get', None)
assert meth is not None, 'Unimplemented method %r' % request.method
return meth(*args, **kwargs)

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flask/wrappers.py
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@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.wrappers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements the WSGI wrappers (request and response).
:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request as RequestBase, Response as ResponseBase
from flask import json
from flask.globals import current_app
class JSONMixin(object):
"""Common mixin for both request and response objects to provide JSON
parsing capabilities.
.. versionadded:: 1.0
"""
_cached_json = (Ellipsis, Ellipsis)
@property
def is_json(self):
"""Check if the mimetype indicates JSON data, either
:mimetype:`application/json` or :mimetype:`application/*+json`.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
mt = self.mimetype
return (
mt == 'application/json'
or (mt.startswith('application/')) and mt.endswith('+json')
)
@property
def json(self):
"""This will contain the parsed JSON data if the mimetype indicates
JSON (:mimetype:`application/json`, see :meth:`is_json`), otherwise it
will be ``None``.
"""
return self.get_json()
def _get_data_for_json(self, cache):
return self.get_data(cache=cache)
def get_json(self, force=False, silent=False, cache=True):
"""Parse and return the data as JSON. If the mimetype does not
indicate JSON (:mimetype:`application/json`, see
:meth:`is_json`), this returns ``None`` unless ``force`` is
true. If parsing fails, :meth:`on_json_loading_failed` is called
and its return value is used as the return value.
:param force: Ignore the mimetype and always try to parse JSON.
:param silent: Silence parsing errors and return ``None``
instead.
:param cache: Store the parsed JSON to return for subsequent
calls.
"""
if cache and self._cached_json[silent] is not Ellipsis:
return self._cached_json[silent]
if not (force or self.is_json):
return None
data = self._get_data_for_json(cache=cache)
try:
rv = json.loads(data)
except ValueError as e:
if silent:
rv = None
if cache:
normal_rv, _ = self._cached_json
self._cached_json = (normal_rv, rv)
else:
rv = self.on_json_loading_failed(e)
if cache:
_, silent_rv = self._cached_json
self._cached_json = (rv, silent_rv)
else:
if cache:
self._cached_json = (rv, rv)
return rv
def on_json_loading_failed(self, e):
"""Called if :meth:`get_json` parsing fails and isn't silenced. If
this method returns a value, it is used as the return value for
:meth:`get_json`. The default implementation raises a
:class:`BadRequest` exception.
.. versionchanged:: 0.10
Raise a :exc:`BadRequest` error instead of returning an error
message as JSON. If you want that behavior you can add it by
subclassing.
.. versionadded:: 0.8
"""
if current_app is not None and current_app.debug:
raise BadRequest('Failed to decode JSON object: {0}'.format(e))
raise BadRequest()
class Request(RequestBase, JSONMixin):
"""The request object used by default in Flask. Remembers the
matched endpoint and view arguments.
It is what ends up as :class:`~flask.request`. If you want to replace
the request object used you can subclass this and set
:attr:`~flask.Flask.request_class` to your subclass.
The request object is a :class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Request` subclass and
provides all of the attributes Werkzeug defines plus a few Flask
specific ones.
"""
#: The internal URL rule that matched the request. This can be
#: useful to inspect which methods are allowed for the URL from
#: a before/after handler (``request.url_rule.methods``) etc.
#: Though if the request's method was invalid for the URL rule,
#: the valid list is available in ``routing_exception.valid_methods``
#: instead (an attribute of the Werkzeug exception :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.MethodNotAllowed`)
#: because the request was never internally bound.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.6
url_rule = None
#: A dict of view arguments that matched the request. If an exception
#: happened when matching, this will be ``None``.
view_args = None
#: If matching the URL failed, this is the exception that will be
#: raised / was raised as part of the request handling. This is
#: usually a :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound` exception or
#: something similar.
routing_exception = None
@property
def max_content_length(self):
"""Read-only view of the ``MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH`` config key."""
if current_app:
return current_app.config['MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH']
@property
def endpoint(self):
"""The endpoint that matched the request. This in combination with
:attr:`view_args` can be used to reconstruct the same or a
modified URL. If an exception happened when matching, this will
be ``None``.
"""
if self.url_rule is not None:
return self.url_rule.endpoint
@property
def blueprint(self):
"""The name of the current blueprint"""
if self.url_rule and '.' in self.url_rule.endpoint:
return self.url_rule.endpoint.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
def _load_form_data(self):
RequestBase._load_form_data(self)
# In debug mode we're replacing the files multidict with an ad-hoc
# subclass that raises a different error for key errors.
if (
current_app
and current_app.debug
and self.mimetype != 'multipart/form-data'
and not self.files
):
from .debughelpers import attach_enctype_error_multidict
attach_enctype_error_multidict(self)
class Response(ResponseBase, JSONMixin):
"""The response object that is used by default in Flask. Works like the
response object from Werkzeug but is set to have an HTML mimetype by
default. Quite often you don't have to create this object yourself because
:meth:`~flask.Flask.make_response` will take care of that for you.
If you want to replace the response object used you can subclass this and
set :attr:`~flask.Flask.response_class` to your subclass.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
JSON support is added to the response, like the request. This is useful
when testing to get the test client response data as JSON.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
Added :attr:`max_cookie_size`.
"""
default_mimetype = 'text/html'
def _get_data_for_json(self, cache):
return self.get_data()
@property
def max_cookie_size(self):
"""Read-only view of the :data:`MAX_COOKIE_SIZE` config key.
See :attr:`~werkzeug.wrappers.BaseResponse.max_cookie_size` in
Werkzeug's docs.
"""
if current_app:
return current_app.config['MAX_COOKIE_SIZE']
# return Werkzeug's default when not in an app context
return super(Response, self).max_cookie_size

1
gunicorn-19.8.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
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@ -1 +0,0 @@
pip

23
gunicorn-19.8.1.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
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@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
2009-2018 (c) Benoît Chesneau <benoitc@e-engura.org>
2009-2015 (c) Paul J. Davis <paul.joseph.davis@gmail.com>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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gunicorn-19.8.1.dist-info/METADATA
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@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: gunicorn
Version: 19.8.1
Summary: WSGI HTTP Server for UNIX
Home-page: http://gunicorn.org
Author: Benoit Chesneau
Author-email: benoitc@e-engura.com
License: MIT
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
Classifier: Environment :: Other Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X
Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Topic :: Internet
Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Server
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Requires-Python: >=2.6, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*
Provides-Extra: gevent
Provides-Extra: tornado
Provides-Extra: eventlet
Provides-Extra: gthread
Provides-Extra: eventlet
Requires-Dist: eventlet (>=0.9.7); extra == 'eventlet'
Provides-Extra: gevent
Requires-Dist: gevent (>=0.13); extra == 'gevent'
Provides-Extra: gthread
Provides-Extra: tornado
Requires-Dist: tornado (>=0.2); extra == 'tornado'
Gunicorn
--------
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/gunicorn.svg?style=flat
:alt: PyPI version
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/gunicorn
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/gunicorn.svg
:alt: Supported Python versions
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/gunicorn
.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/benoitc/gunicorn.svg?branch=master
:alt: Build Status
:target: https://travis-ci.org/benoitc/gunicorn
Gunicorn 'Green Unicorn' is a Python WSGI HTTP Server for UNIX. It's a pre-fork
worker model ported from Ruby's Unicorn_ project. The Gunicorn server is broadly
compatible with various web frameworks, simply implemented, light on server
resource usage, and fairly speedy.
Feel free to join us in `#gunicorn`_ on Freenode_.
Documentation
-------------
The documentation is hosted at http://docs.gunicorn.org.
Installation
------------
Gunicorn requires **Python 2.x >= 2.6** or **Python 3.x >= 3.2**.
Install from PyPI::
$ pip install gunicorn
Usage
-----
Basic usage::
$ gunicorn [OPTIONS] APP_MODULE
Where ``APP_MODULE`` is of the pattern ``$(MODULE_NAME):$(VARIABLE_NAME)``. The
module name can be a full dotted path. The variable name refers to a WSGI
callable that should be found in the specified module.
Example with test app::
$ cd examples
$ gunicorn --workers=2 test:app
License
-------
Gunicorn is released under the MIT License. See the LICENSE_ file for more
details.
.. _Unicorn: https://bogomips.org/unicorn/
.. _`#gunicorn`: https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=gunicorn
.. _Freenode: https://freenode.net/
.. _LICENSE: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/blob/master/LICENSE

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gunicorn-19.8.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=XeFINKRdSUKwJwaVSolO24PuV_YeO71IMF-rOra5JO8,184
gunicorn-19.8.1.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=cdMaa2yhxb8do-WioY9qRHUCfwf55YztjwQCncaInoE,9
../../../bin/gunicorn,sha256=3n02jiI_1KSuGRVnArdMBsMwXwNk9qYNxest7n5NCtA,226
../../../bin/gunicorn_paster,sha256=VpfTHNYpEn2RVEjyLdmq1-_lArYY2joHAgAlGrbIjeg,228
gunicorn-19.8.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
gunicorn/debug.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/sync.pyc,,
gunicorn/http/wsgi.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/async.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/workertmp.pyc,,
gunicorn/http/message.pyc,,
gunicorn/instrument/__init__.pyc,,
gunicorn/http/unreader.pyc,,
gunicorn/app/__init__.pyc,,
gunicorn/systemd.pyc,,
gunicorn/config.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/base.pyc,,
gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/gaiohttp.pyc,,
gunicorn/app/base.pyc,,
gunicorn/arbiter.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/ggevent.pyc,,
gunicorn/http/errors.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/gtornado.pyc,,
gunicorn/six.pyc,,
gunicorn/http/__init__.pyc,,
gunicorn/pidfile.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/gthread.pyc,,
gunicorn/_compat.pyc,,
gunicorn/errors.pyc,,
gunicorn/http/body.pyc,,
gunicorn/instrument/statsd.pyc,,
gunicorn/__init__.pyc,,
gunicorn/http/parser.pyc,,
gunicorn/selectors.pyc,,
gunicorn/sock.pyc,,
gunicorn/reloader.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/__init__.pyc,,
gunicorn/argparse_compat.pyc,,
gunicorn/glogging.pyc,,
gunicorn/http/_sendfile.pyc,,
gunicorn/workers/geventlet.pyc,,
gunicorn/util.pyc,,
gunicorn/app/pasterapp.pyc,,

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