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270 lines
9.0 KiB
270 lines
9.0 KiB
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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werkzeug.security
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Security related helpers such as secure password hashing tools.
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:copyright: (c) 2014 by the Werkzeug Team, see AUTHORS for more details.
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:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
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"""
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import os
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import hmac
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import hashlib
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import posixpath
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import codecs
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from struct import Struct
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from random import SystemRandom
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from operator import xor
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from itertools import starmap
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from werkzeug._compat import range_type, PY2, text_type, izip, to_bytes, \
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string_types, to_native
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SALT_CHARS = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
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DEFAULT_PBKDF2_ITERATIONS = 50000
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_pack_int = Struct('>I').pack
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_builtin_safe_str_cmp = getattr(hmac, 'compare_digest', None)
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_sys_rng = SystemRandom()
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_os_alt_seps = list(sep for sep in [os.path.sep, os.path.altsep]
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if sep not in (None, '/'))
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def _find_hashlib_algorithms():
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algos = getattr(hashlib, 'algorithms', None)
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if algos is None:
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algos = ('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512')
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rv = {}
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for algo in algos:
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func = getattr(hashlib, algo, None)
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if func is not None:
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rv[algo] = func
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return rv
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_hash_funcs = _find_hashlib_algorithms()
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def pbkdf2_hex(data, salt, iterations=DEFAULT_PBKDF2_ITERATIONS,
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keylen=None, hashfunc=None):
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"""Like :func:`pbkdf2_bin`, but returns a hex-encoded string.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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:param data: the data to derive.
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:param salt: the salt for the derivation.
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:param iterations: the number of iterations.
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:param keylen: the length of the resulting key. If not provided,
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the digest size will be used.
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:param hashfunc: the hash function to use. This can either be the
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string name of a known hash function, or a function
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from the hashlib module. Defaults to sha256.
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"""
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rv = pbkdf2_bin(data, salt, iterations, keylen, hashfunc)
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return to_native(codecs.encode(rv, 'hex_codec'))
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_has_native_pbkdf2 = hasattr(hashlib, 'pbkdf2_hmac')
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def pbkdf2_bin(data, salt, iterations=DEFAULT_PBKDF2_ITERATIONS,
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keylen=None, hashfunc=None):
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"""Returns a binary digest for the PBKDF2 hash algorithm of `data`
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with the given `salt`. It iterates `iterations` times and produces a
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key of `keylen` bytes. By default, SHA-256 is used as hash function;
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a different hashlib `hashfunc` can be provided.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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:param data: the data to derive.
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:param salt: the salt for the derivation.
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:param iterations: the number of iterations.
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:param keylen: the length of the resulting key. If not provided
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the digest size will be used.
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:param hashfunc: the hash function to use. This can either be the
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string name of a known hash function or a function
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from the hashlib module. Defaults to sha256.
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"""
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if isinstance(hashfunc, string_types):
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hashfunc = _hash_funcs[hashfunc]
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elif not hashfunc:
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hashfunc = hashlib.sha256
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data = to_bytes(data)
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salt = to_bytes(salt)
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# If we're on Python with pbkdf2_hmac we can try to use it for
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# compatible digests.
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if _has_native_pbkdf2:
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_test_hash = hashfunc()
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if hasattr(_test_hash, 'name') and \
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_test_hash.name in _hash_funcs:
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return hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac(_test_hash.name,
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data, salt, iterations,
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keylen)
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mac = hmac.HMAC(data, None, hashfunc)
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if not keylen:
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keylen = mac.digest_size
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def _pseudorandom(x, mac=mac):
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h = mac.copy()
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h.update(x)
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return bytearray(h.digest())
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buf = bytearray()
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for block in range_type(1, -(-keylen // mac.digest_size) + 1):
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rv = u = _pseudorandom(salt + _pack_int(block))
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for i in range_type(iterations - 1):
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u = _pseudorandom(bytes(u))
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rv = bytearray(starmap(xor, izip(rv, u)))
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buf.extend(rv)
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return bytes(buf[:keylen])
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def safe_str_cmp(a, b):
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"""This function compares strings in somewhat constant time. This
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requires that the length of at least one string is known in advance.
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Returns `True` if the two strings are equal, or `False` if they are not.
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.. versionadded:: 0.7
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"""
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if isinstance(a, text_type):
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a = a.encode('utf-8')
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if isinstance(b, text_type):
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b = b.encode('utf-8')
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if _builtin_safe_str_cmp is not None:
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return _builtin_safe_str_cmp(a, b)
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if len(a) != len(b):
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return False
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rv = 0
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if PY2:
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for x, y in izip(a, b):
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rv |= ord(x) ^ ord(y)
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else:
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for x, y in izip(a, b):
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rv |= x ^ y
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return rv == 0
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def gen_salt(length):
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"""Generate a random string of SALT_CHARS with specified ``length``."""
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if length <= 0:
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raise ValueError('Salt length must be positive')
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return ''.join(_sys_rng.choice(SALT_CHARS) for _ in range_type(length))
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def _hash_internal(method, salt, password):
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"""Internal password hash helper. Supports plaintext without salt,
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unsalted and salted passwords. In case salted passwords are used
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hmac is used.
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"""
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if method == 'plain':
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return password, method
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if isinstance(password, text_type):
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password = password.encode('utf-8')
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if method.startswith('pbkdf2:'):
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args = method[7:].split(':')
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if len(args) not in (1, 2):
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raise ValueError('Invalid number of arguments for PBKDF2')
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method = args.pop(0)
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iterations = args and int(args[0] or 0) or DEFAULT_PBKDF2_ITERATIONS
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is_pbkdf2 = True
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actual_method = 'pbkdf2:%s:%d' % (method, iterations)
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else:
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is_pbkdf2 = False
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actual_method = method
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hash_func = _hash_funcs.get(method)
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if hash_func is None:
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raise TypeError('invalid method %r' % method)
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if is_pbkdf2:
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if not salt:
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raise ValueError('Salt is required for PBKDF2')
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rv = pbkdf2_hex(password, salt, iterations,
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hashfunc=hash_func)
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elif salt:
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if isinstance(salt, text_type):
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salt = salt.encode('utf-8')
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rv = hmac.HMAC(salt, password, hash_func).hexdigest()
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else:
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h = hash_func()
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h.update(password)
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rv = h.hexdigest()
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return rv, actual_method
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def generate_password_hash(password, method='pbkdf2:sha256', salt_length=8):
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"""Hash a password with the given method and salt with a string of
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the given length. The format of the string returned includes the method
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that was used so that :func:`check_password_hash` can check the hash.
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The format for the hashed string looks like this::
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method$salt$hash
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This method can **not** generate unsalted passwords but it is possible
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to set param method='plain' in order to enforce plaintext passwords.
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If a salt is used, hmac is used internally to salt the password.
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If PBKDF2 is wanted it can be enabled by setting the method to
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``pbkdf2:method:iterations`` where iterations is optional::
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pbkdf2:sha256:80000$salt$hash
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pbkdf2:sha256$salt$hash
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:param password: the password to hash.
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:param method: the hash method to use (one that hashlib supports). Can
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optionally be in the format ``pbkdf2:<method>[:iterations]``
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to enable PBKDF2.
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:param salt_length: the length of the salt in letters.
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"""
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salt = method != 'plain' and gen_salt(salt_length) or ''
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h, actual_method = _hash_internal(method, salt, password)
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return '%s$%s$%s' % (actual_method, salt, h)
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def check_password_hash(pwhash, password):
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"""check a password against a given salted and hashed password value.
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In order to support unsalted legacy passwords this method supports
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plain text passwords, md5 and sha1 hashes (both salted and unsalted).
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Returns `True` if the password matched, `False` otherwise.
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:param pwhash: a hashed string like returned by
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:func:`generate_password_hash`.
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:param password: the plaintext password to compare against the hash.
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"""
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if pwhash.count('$') < 2:
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return False
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method, salt, hashval = pwhash.split('$', 2)
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return safe_str_cmp(_hash_internal(method, salt, password)[0], hashval)
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def safe_join(directory, *pathnames):
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"""Safely join `directory` and one or more untrusted `pathnames`. If this
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cannot be done, this function returns ``None``.
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:param directory: the base directory.
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:param pathnames: the untrusted pathnames relative to that directory.
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"""
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parts = [directory]
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for filename in pathnames:
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if filename != '':
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filename = posixpath.normpath(filename)
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for sep in _os_alt_seps:
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if sep in filename:
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return None
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if os.path.isabs(filename) or \
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filename == '..' or \
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filename.startswith('../'):
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return None
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parts.append(filename)
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return posixpath.join(*parts)
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