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1792 lines
66 KiB
1792 lines
66 KiB
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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werkzeug.routing
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When it comes to combining multiple controller or view functions (however
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you want to call them) you need a dispatcher. A simple way would be
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applying regular expression tests on the ``PATH_INFO`` and calling
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registered callback functions that return the value then.
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This module implements a much more powerful system than simple regular
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expression matching because it can also convert values in the URLs and
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build URLs.
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Here a simple example that creates an URL map for an application with
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two subdomains (www and kb) and some URL rules:
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>>> m = Map([
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... # Static URLs
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... Rule('/', endpoint='static/index'),
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... Rule('/about', endpoint='static/about'),
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... Rule('/help', endpoint='static/help'),
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... # Knowledge Base
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... Subdomain('kb', [
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... Rule('/', endpoint='kb/index'),
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... Rule('/browse/', endpoint='kb/browse'),
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... Rule('/browse/<int:id>/', endpoint='kb/browse'),
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... Rule('/browse/<int:id>/<int:page>', endpoint='kb/browse')
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... ])
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... ], default_subdomain='www')
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If the application doesn't use subdomains it's perfectly fine to not set
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the default subdomain and not use the `Subdomain` rule factory. The endpoint
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in the rules can be anything, for example import paths or unique
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identifiers. The WSGI application can use those endpoints to get the
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handler for that URL. It doesn't have to be a string at all but it's
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recommended.
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Now it's possible to create a URL adapter for one of the subdomains and
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build URLs:
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>>> c = m.bind('example.com')
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>>> c.build("kb/browse", dict(id=42))
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'http://kb.example.com/browse/42/'
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>>> c.build("kb/browse", dict())
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'http://kb.example.com/browse/'
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>>> c.build("kb/browse", dict(id=42, page=3))
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'http://kb.example.com/browse/42/3'
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>>> c.build("static/about")
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'/about'
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>>> c.build("static/index", force_external=True)
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'http://www.example.com/'
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>>> c = m.bind('example.com', subdomain='kb')
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>>> c.build("static/about")
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'http://www.example.com/about'
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The first argument to bind is the server name *without* the subdomain.
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Per default it will assume that the script is mounted on the root, but
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often that's not the case so you can provide the real mount point as
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second argument:
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>>> c = m.bind('example.com', '/applications/example')
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The third argument can be the subdomain, if not given the default
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subdomain is used. For more details about binding have a look at the
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documentation of the `MapAdapter`.
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And here is how you can match URLs:
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>>> c = m.bind('example.com')
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>>> c.match("/")
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('static/index', {})
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>>> c.match("/about")
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('static/about', {})
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>>> c = m.bind('example.com', '/', 'kb')
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>>> c.match("/")
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('kb/index', {})
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>>> c.match("/browse/42/23")
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('kb/browse', {'id': 42, 'page': 23})
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If matching fails you get a `NotFound` exception, if the rule thinks
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it's a good idea to redirect (for example because the URL was defined
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to have a slash at the end but the request was missing that slash) it
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will raise a `RequestRedirect` exception. Both are subclasses of the
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`HTTPException` so you can use those errors as responses in the
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application.
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If matching succeeded but the URL rule was incompatible to the given
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method (for example there were only rules for `GET` and `HEAD` and
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routing system tried to match a `POST` request) a `MethodNotAllowed`
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exception is raised.
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:copyright: (c) 2014 by the Werkzeug Team, see AUTHORS for more details.
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:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
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"""
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import difflib
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import re
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import uuid
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import posixpath
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from pprint import pformat
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from threading import Lock
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from werkzeug.urls import url_encode, url_quote, url_join
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from werkzeug.utils import redirect, format_string
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from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException, NotFound, MethodNotAllowed, \
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BadHost
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from werkzeug._internal import _get_environ, _encode_idna
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from werkzeug._compat import itervalues, iteritems, to_unicode, to_bytes, \
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text_type, string_types, native_string_result, \
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implements_to_string, wsgi_decoding_dance
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from werkzeug.datastructures import ImmutableDict, MultiDict
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from werkzeug.utils import cached_property
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_rule_re = re.compile(r'''
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(?P<static>[^<]*) # static rule data
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<
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(?:
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(?P<converter>[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*) # converter name
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(?:\((?P<args>.*?)\))? # converter arguments
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\: # variable delimiter
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)?
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(?P<variable>[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*) # variable name
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>
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''', re.VERBOSE)
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_simple_rule_re = re.compile(r'<([^>]+)>')
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_converter_args_re = re.compile(r'''
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((?P<name>\w+)\s*=\s*)?
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(?P<value>
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True|False|
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\d+.\d+|
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\d+.|
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\d+|
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[\w\d_.]+|
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[urUR]?(?P<stringval>"[^"]*?"|'[^']*')
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)\s*,
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''', re.VERBOSE | re.UNICODE)
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_PYTHON_CONSTANTS = {
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'None': None,
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'True': True,
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'False': False
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}
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def _pythonize(value):
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if value in _PYTHON_CONSTANTS:
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return _PYTHON_CONSTANTS[value]
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for convert in int, float:
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try:
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return convert(value)
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except ValueError:
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pass
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if value[:1] == value[-1:] and value[0] in '"\'':
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value = value[1:-1]
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return text_type(value)
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def parse_converter_args(argstr):
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argstr += ','
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args = []
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kwargs = {}
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for item in _converter_args_re.finditer(argstr):
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value = item.group('stringval')
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if value is None:
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value = item.group('value')
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value = _pythonize(value)
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if not item.group('name'):
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args.append(value)
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else:
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name = item.group('name')
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kwargs[name] = value
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return tuple(args), kwargs
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def parse_rule(rule):
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"""Parse a rule and return it as generator. Each iteration yields tuples
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in the form ``(converter, arguments, variable)``. If the converter is
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`None` it's a static url part, otherwise it's a dynamic one.
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:internal:
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"""
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pos = 0
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end = len(rule)
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do_match = _rule_re.match
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used_names = set()
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while pos < end:
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m = do_match(rule, pos)
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if m is None:
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break
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data = m.groupdict()
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if data['static']:
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yield None, None, data['static']
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variable = data['variable']
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converter = data['converter'] or 'default'
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if variable in used_names:
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raise ValueError('variable name %r used twice.' % variable)
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used_names.add(variable)
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yield converter, data['args'] or None, variable
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pos = m.end()
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if pos < end:
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remaining = rule[pos:]
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if '>' in remaining or '<' in remaining:
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raise ValueError('malformed url rule: %r' % rule)
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yield None, None, remaining
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class RoutingException(Exception):
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"""Special exceptions that require the application to redirect, notifying
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about missing urls, etc.
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:internal:
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"""
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class RequestRedirect(HTTPException, RoutingException):
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"""Raise if the map requests a redirect. This is for example the case if
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`strict_slashes` are activated and an url that requires a trailing slash.
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The attribute `new_url` contains the absolute destination url.
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"""
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code = 301
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def __init__(self, new_url):
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RoutingException.__init__(self, new_url)
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self.new_url = new_url
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def get_response(self, environ):
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return redirect(self.new_url, self.code)
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class RequestSlash(RoutingException):
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"""Internal exception."""
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class RequestAliasRedirect(RoutingException):
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"""This rule is an alias and wants to redirect to the canonical URL."""
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def __init__(self, matched_values):
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self.matched_values = matched_values
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@implements_to_string
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class BuildError(RoutingException, LookupError):
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"""Raised if the build system cannot find a URL for an endpoint with the
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values provided.
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"""
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def __init__(self, endpoint, values, method, adapter=None):
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LookupError.__init__(self, endpoint, values, method)
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self.endpoint = endpoint
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self.values = values
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self.method = method
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self.adapter = adapter
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@cached_property
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def suggested(self):
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return self.closest_rule(self.adapter)
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def closest_rule(self, adapter):
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def _score_rule(rule):
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return sum([
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0.98 * difflib.SequenceMatcher(
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None, rule.endpoint, self.endpoint
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).ratio(),
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0.01 * bool(set(self.values or ()).issubset(rule.arguments)),
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0.01 * bool(rule.methods and self.method in rule.methods)
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])
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if adapter and adapter.map._rules:
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return max(adapter.map._rules, key=_score_rule)
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def __str__(self):
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message = []
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message.append('Could not build url for endpoint %r' % self.endpoint)
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if self.method:
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message.append(' (%r)' % self.method)
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if self.values:
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message.append(' with values %r' % sorted(self.values.keys()))
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message.append('.')
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if self.suggested:
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if self.endpoint == self.suggested.endpoint:
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if self.method and self.method not in self.suggested.methods:
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message.append(' Did you mean to use methods %r?' % sorted(
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self.suggested.methods
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))
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missing_values = self.suggested.arguments.union(
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set(self.suggested.defaults or ())
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) - set(self.values.keys())
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if missing_values:
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message.append(
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' Did you forget to specify values %r?' %
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sorted(missing_values)
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)
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else:
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message.append(
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' Did you mean %r instead?' % self.suggested.endpoint
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)
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return u''.join(message)
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|
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class ValidationError(ValueError):
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"""Validation error. If a rule converter raises this exception the rule
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does not match the current URL and the next URL is tried.
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"""
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class RuleFactory(object):
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"""As soon as you have more complex URL setups it's a good idea to use rule
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factories to avoid repetitive tasks. Some of them are builtin, others can
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be added by subclassing `RuleFactory` and overriding `get_rules`.
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"""
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def get_rules(self, map):
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"""Subclasses of `RuleFactory` have to override this method and return
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an iterable of rules."""
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raise NotImplementedError()
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|
|
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class Subdomain(RuleFactory):
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"""All URLs provided by this factory have the subdomain set to a
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specific domain. For example if you want to use the subdomain for
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the current language this can be a good setup::
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url_map = Map([
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Rule('/', endpoint='#select_language'),
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Subdomain('<string(length=2):lang_code>', [
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Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
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Rule('/about', endpoint='about'),
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Rule('/help', endpoint='help')
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])
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])
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All the rules except for the ``'#select_language'`` endpoint will now
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listen on a two letter long subdomain that holds the language code
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for the current request.
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"""
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def __init__(self, subdomain, rules):
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self.subdomain = subdomain
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self.rules = rules
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def get_rules(self, map):
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for rulefactory in self.rules:
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|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
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rule = rule.empty()
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rule.subdomain = self.subdomain
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yield rule
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|
|
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class Submount(RuleFactory):
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"""Like `Subdomain` but prefixes the URL rule with a given string::
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url_map = Map([
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Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
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Submount('/blog', [
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Rule('/', endpoint='blog/index'),
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Rule('/entry/<entry_slug>', endpoint='blog/show')
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])
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])
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Now the rule ``'blog/show'`` matches ``/blog/entry/<entry_slug>``.
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"""
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def __init__(self, path, rules):
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|
self.path = path.rstrip('/')
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|
self.rules = rules
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def get_rules(self, map):
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|
for rulefactory in self.rules:
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|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
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|
rule = rule.empty()
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rule.rule = self.path + rule.rule
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|
yield rule
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|
|
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|
class EndpointPrefix(RuleFactory):
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|
"""Prefixes all endpoints (which must be strings for this factory) with
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|
another string. This can be useful for sub applications::
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|
url_map = Map([
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|
Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
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EndpointPrefix('blog/', [Submount('/blog', [
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|
Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
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Rule('/entry/<entry_slug>', endpoint='show')
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])])
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])
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"""
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def __init__(self, prefix, rules):
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self.prefix = prefix
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self.rules = rules
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def get_rules(self, map):
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|
for rulefactory in self.rules:
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|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
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rule = rule.empty()
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rule.endpoint = self.prefix + rule.endpoint
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yield rule
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|
|
|
|
|
class RuleTemplate(object):
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|
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|
"""Returns copies of the rules wrapped and expands string templates in
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|
the endpoint, rule, defaults or subdomain sections.
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|
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|
Here a small example for such a rule template::
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from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule, RuleTemplate
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resource = RuleTemplate([
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Rule('/$name/', endpoint='$name.list'),
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Rule('/$name/<int:id>', endpoint='$name.show')
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])
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url_map = Map([resource(name='user'), resource(name='page')])
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|
When a rule template is called the keyword arguments are used to
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|
replace the placeholders in all the string parameters.
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|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, rules):
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|
self.rules = list(rules)
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|
|
|
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
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|
return RuleTemplateFactory(self.rules, dict(*args, **kwargs))
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|
|
|
|
|
class RuleTemplateFactory(RuleFactory):
|
|
|
|
"""A factory that fills in template variables into rules. Used by
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|
`RuleTemplate` internally.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
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|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, rules, context):
|
|
self.rules = rules
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|
self.context = context
|
|
|
|
def get_rules(self, map):
|
|
for rulefactory in self.rules:
|
|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
|
|
new_defaults = subdomain = None
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|
if rule.defaults:
|
|
new_defaults = {}
|
|
for key, value in iteritems(rule.defaults):
|
|
if isinstance(value, string_types):
|
|
value = format_string(value, self.context)
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|
new_defaults[key] = value
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|
if rule.subdomain is not None:
|
|
subdomain = format_string(rule.subdomain, self.context)
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|
new_endpoint = rule.endpoint
|
|
if isinstance(new_endpoint, string_types):
|
|
new_endpoint = format_string(new_endpoint, self.context)
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|
yield Rule(
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|
format_string(rule.rule, self.context),
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|
new_defaults,
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|
subdomain,
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|
rule.methods,
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|
rule.build_only,
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|
new_endpoint,
|
|
rule.strict_slashes
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|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
@implements_to_string
|
|
class Rule(RuleFactory):
|
|
|
|
"""A Rule represents one URL pattern. There are some options for `Rule`
|
|
that change the way it behaves and are passed to the `Rule` constructor.
|
|
Note that besides the rule-string all arguments *must* be keyword arguments
|
|
in order to not break the application on Werkzeug upgrades.
|
|
|
|
`string`
|
|
Rule strings basically are just normal URL paths with placeholders in
|
|
the format ``<converter(arguments):name>`` where the converter and the
|
|
arguments are optional. If no converter is defined the `default`
|
|
converter is used which means `string` in the normal configuration.
|
|
|
|
URL rules that end with a slash are branch URLs, others are leaves.
|
|
If you have `strict_slashes` enabled (which is the default), all
|
|
branch URLs that are matched without a trailing slash will trigger a
|
|
redirect to the same URL with the missing slash appended.
|
|
|
|
The converters are defined on the `Map`.
|
|
|
|
`endpoint`
|
|
The endpoint for this rule. This can be anything. A reference to a
|
|
function, a string, a number etc. The preferred way is using a string
|
|
because the endpoint is used for URL generation.
|
|
|
|
`defaults`
|
|
An optional dict with defaults for other rules with the same endpoint.
|
|
This is a bit tricky but useful if you want to have unique URLs::
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([
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|
Rule('/all/', defaults={'page': 1}, endpoint='all_entries'),
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|
Rule('/all/page/<int:page>', endpoint='all_entries')
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
If a user now visits ``http://example.com/all/page/1`` he will be
|
|
redirected to ``http://example.com/all/``. If `redirect_defaults` is
|
|
disabled on the `Map` instance this will only affect the URL
|
|
generation.
|
|
|
|
`subdomain`
|
|
The subdomain rule string for this rule. If not specified the rule
|
|
only matches for the `default_subdomain` of the map. If the map is
|
|
not bound to a subdomain this feature is disabled.
|
|
|
|
Can be useful if you want to have user profiles on different subdomains
|
|
and all subdomains are forwarded to your application::
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([
|
|
Rule('/', subdomain='<username>', endpoint='user/homepage'),
|
|
Rule('/stats', subdomain='<username>', endpoint='user/stats')
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
`methods`
|
|
A sequence of http methods this rule applies to. If not specified, all
|
|
methods are allowed. For example this can be useful if you want different
|
|
endpoints for `POST` and `GET`. If methods are defined and the path
|
|
matches but the method matched against is not in this list or in the
|
|
list of another rule for that path the error raised is of the type
|
|
`MethodNotAllowed` rather than `NotFound`. If `GET` is present in the
|
|
list of methods and `HEAD` is not, `HEAD` is added automatically.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.6.1
|
|
`HEAD` is now automatically added to the methods if `GET` is
|
|
present. The reason for this is that existing code often did not
|
|
work properly in servers not rewriting `HEAD` to `GET`
|
|
automatically and it was not documented how `HEAD` should be
|
|
treated. This was considered a bug in Werkzeug because of that.
|
|
|
|
`strict_slashes`
|
|
Override the `Map` setting for `strict_slashes` only for this rule. If
|
|
not specified the `Map` setting is used.
|
|
|
|
`build_only`
|
|
Set this to True and the rule will never match but will create a URL
|
|
that can be build. This is useful if you have resources on a subdomain
|
|
or folder that are not handled by the WSGI application (like static data)
|
|
|
|
`redirect_to`
|
|
If given this must be either a string or callable. In case of a
|
|
callable it's called with the url adapter that triggered the match and
|
|
the values of the URL as keyword arguments and has to return the target
|
|
for the redirect, otherwise it has to be a string with placeholders in
|
|
rule syntax::
|
|
|
|
def foo_with_slug(adapter, id):
|
|
# ask the database for the slug for the old id. this of
|
|
# course has nothing to do with werkzeug.
|
|
return 'foo/' + Foo.get_slug_for_id(id)
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([
|
|
Rule('/foo/<slug>', endpoint='foo'),
|
|
Rule('/some/old/url/<slug>', redirect_to='foo/<slug>'),
|
|
Rule('/other/old/url/<int:id>', redirect_to=foo_with_slug)
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
When the rule is matched the routing system will raise a
|
|
`RequestRedirect` exception with the target for the redirect.
|
|
|
|
Keep in mind that the URL will be joined against the URL root of the
|
|
script so don't use a leading slash on the target URL unless you
|
|
really mean root of that domain.
|
|
|
|
`alias`
|
|
If enabled this rule serves as an alias for another rule with the same
|
|
endpoint and arguments.
|
|
|
|
`host`
|
|
If provided and the URL map has host matching enabled this can be
|
|
used to provide a match rule for the whole host. This also means
|
|
that the subdomain feature is disabled.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
The `alias` and `host` parameters were added.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, string, defaults=None, subdomain=None, methods=None,
|
|
build_only=False, endpoint=None, strict_slashes=None,
|
|
redirect_to=None, alias=False, host=None):
|
|
if not string.startswith('/'):
|
|
raise ValueError('urls must start with a leading slash')
|
|
self.rule = string
|
|
self.is_leaf = not string.endswith('/')
|
|
|
|
self.map = None
|
|
self.strict_slashes = strict_slashes
|
|
self.subdomain = subdomain
|
|
self.host = host
|
|
self.defaults = defaults
|
|
self.build_only = build_only
|
|
self.alias = alias
|
|
if methods is None:
|
|
self.methods = None
|
|
else:
|
|
if isinstance(methods, str):
|
|
raise TypeError('param `methods` should be `Iterable[str]`, not `str`')
|
|
self.methods = set([x.upper() for x in methods])
|
|
if 'HEAD' not in self.methods and 'GET' in self.methods:
|
|
self.methods.add('HEAD')
|
|
self.endpoint = endpoint
|
|
self.redirect_to = redirect_to
|
|
|
|
if defaults:
|
|
self.arguments = set(map(str, defaults))
|
|
else:
|
|
self.arguments = set()
|
|
self._trace = self._converters = self._regex = self._argument_weights = None
|
|
|
|
def empty(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return an unbound copy of this rule.
|
|
|
|
This can be useful if want to reuse an already bound URL for another
|
|
map. See ``get_empty_kwargs`` to override what keyword arguments are
|
|
provided to the new copy.
|
|
"""
|
|
return type(self)(self.rule, **self.get_empty_kwargs())
|
|
|
|
def get_empty_kwargs(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Provides kwargs for instantiating empty copy with empty()
|
|
|
|
Use this method to provide custom keyword arguments to the subclass of
|
|
``Rule`` when calling ``some_rule.empty()``. Helpful when the subclass
|
|
has custom keyword arguments that are needed at instantiation.
|
|
|
|
Must return a ``dict`` that will be provided as kwargs to the new
|
|
instance of ``Rule``, following the initial ``self.rule`` value which
|
|
is always provided as the first, required positional argument.
|
|
"""
|
|
defaults = None
|
|
if self.defaults:
|
|
defaults = dict(self.defaults)
|
|
return dict(defaults=defaults, subdomain=self.subdomain,
|
|
methods=self.methods, build_only=self.build_only,
|
|
endpoint=self.endpoint, strict_slashes=self.strict_slashes,
|
|
redirect_to=self.redirect_to, alias=self.alias,
|
|
host=self.host)
|
|
|
|
def get_rules(self, map):
|
|
yield self
|
|
|
|
def refresh(self):
|
|
"""Rebinds and refreshes the URL. Call this if you modified the
|
|
rule in place.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
self.bind(self.map, rebind=True)
|
|
|
|
def bind(self, map, rebind=False):
|
|
"""Bind the url to a map and create a regular expression based on
|
|
the information from the rule itself and the defaults from the map.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.map is not None and not rebind:
|
|
raise RuntimeError('url rule %r already bound to map %r' %
|
|
(self, self.map))
|
|
self.map = map
|
|
if self.strict_slashes is None:
|
|
self.strict_slashes = map.strict_slashes
|
|
if self.subdomain is None:
|
|
self.subdomain = map.default_subdomain
|
|
self.compile()
|
|
|
|
def get_converter(self, variable_name, converter_name, args, kwargs):
|
|
"""Looks up the converter for the given parameter.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
|
"""
|
|
if converter_name not in self.map.converters:
|
|
raise LookupError('the converter %r does not exist' % converter_name)
|
|
return self.map.converters[converter_name](self.map, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def compile(self):
|
|
"""Compiles the regular expression and stores it."""
|
|
assert self.map is not None, 'rule not bound'
|
|
|
|
if self.map.host_matching:
|
|
domain_rule = self.host or ''
|
|
else:
|
|
domain_rule = self.subdomain or ''
|
|
|
|
self._trace = []
|
|
self._converters = {}
|
|
self._static_weights = []
|
|
self._argument_weights = []
|
|
regex_parts = []
|
|
|
|
def _build_regex(rule):
|
|
index = 0
|
|
for converter, arguments, variable in parse_rule(rule):
|
|
if converter is None:
|
|
regex_parts.append(re.escape(variable))
|
|
self._trace.append((False, variable))
|
|
for part in variable.split('/'):
|
|
if part:
|
|
self._static_weights.append((index, -len(part)))
|
|
else:
|
|
if arguments:
|
|
c_args, c_kwargs = parse_converter_args(arguments)
|
|
else:
|
|
c_args = ()
|
|
c_kwargs = {}
|
|
convobj = self.get_converter(
|
|
variable, converter, c_args, c_kwargs)
|
|
regex_parts.append('(?P<%s>%s)' % (variable, convobj.regex))
|
|
self._converters[variable] = convobj
|
|
self._trace.append((True, variable))
|
|
self._argument_weights.append(convobj.weight)
|
|
self.arguments.add(str(variable))
|
|
index = index + 1
|
|
|
|
_build_regex(domain_rule)
|
|
regex_parts.append('\\|')
|
|
self._trace.append((False, '|'))
|
|
_build_regex(self.is_leaf and self.rule or self.rule.rstrip('/'))
|
|
if not self.is_leaf:
|
|
self._trace.append((False, '/'))
|
|
|
|
if self.build_only:
|
|
return
|
|
regex = r'^%s%s$' % (
|
|
u''.join(regex_parts),
|
|
(not self.is_leaf or not self.strict_slashes) and
|
|
'(?<!/)(?P<__suffix__>/?)' or ''
|
|
)
|
|
self._regex = re.compile(regex, re.UNICODE)
|
|
|
|
def match(self, path, method=None):
|
|
"""Check if the rule matches a given path. Path is a string in the
|
|
form ``"subdomain|/path"`` and is assembled by the map. If
|
|
the map is doing host matching the subdomain part will be the host
|
|
instead.
|
|
|
|
If the rule matches a dict with the converted values is returned,
|
|
otherwise the return value is `None`.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
if not self.build_only:
|
|
m = self._regex.search(path)
|
|
if m is not None:
|
|
groups = m.groupdict()
|
|
# we have a folder like part of the url without a trailing
|
|
# slash and strict slashes enabled. raise an exception that
|
|
# tells the map to redirect to the same url but with a
|
|
# trailing slash
|
|
if self.strict_slashes and not self.is_leaf and \
|
|
not groups.pop('__suffix__') and \
|
|
(method is None or self.methods is None or
|
|
method in self.methods):
|
|
raise RequestSlash()
|
|
# if we are not in strict slashes mode we have to remove
|
|
# a __suffix__
|
|
elif not self.strict_slashes:
|
|
del groups['__suffix__']
|
|
|
|
result = {}
|
|
for name, value in iteritems(groups):
|
|
try:
|
|
value = self._converters[name].to_python(value)
|
|
except ValidationError:
|
|
return
|
|
result[str(name)] = value
|
|
if self.defaults:
|
|
result.update(self.defaults)
|
|
|
|
if self.alias and self.map.redirect_defaults:
|
|
raise RequestAliasRedirect(result)
|
|
|
|
return result
|
|
|
|
def build(self, values, append_unknown=True):
|
|
"""Assembles the relative url for that rule and the subdomain.
|
|
If building doesn't work for some reasons `None` is returned.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
tmp = []
|
|
add = tmp.append
|
|
processed = set(self.arguments)
|
|
for is_dynamic, data in self._trace:
|
|
if is_dynamic:
|
|
try:
|
|
add(self._converters[data].to_url(values[data]))
|
|
except ValidationError:
|
|
return
|
|
processed.add(data)
|
|
else:
|
|
add(url_quote(to_bytes(data, self.map.charset), safe='/:|+'))
|
|
domain_part, url = (u''.join(tmp)).split(u'|', 1)
|
|
|
|
if append_unknown:
|
|
query_vars = MultiDict(values)
|
|
for key in processed:
|
|
if key in query_vars:
|
|
del query_vars[key]
|
|
|
|
if query_vars:
|
|
url += u'?' + url_encode(query_vars, charset=self.map.charset,
|
|
sort=self.map.sort_parameters,
|
|
key=self.map.sort_key)
|
|
|
|
return domain_part, url
|
|
|
|
def provides_defaults_for(self, rule):
|
|
"""Check if this rule has defaults for a given rule.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
return not self.build_only and self.defaults and \
|
|
self.endpoint == rule.endpoint and self != rule and \
|
|
self.arguments == rule.arguments
|
|
|
|
def suitable_for(self, values, method=None):
|
|
"""Check if the dict of values has enough data for url generation.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
# if a method was given explicitly and that method is not supported
|
|
# by this rule, this rule is not suitable.
|
|
if method is not None and self.methods is not None \
|
|
and method not in self.methods:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
defaults = self.defaults or ()
|
|
|
|
# all arguments required must be either in the defaults dict or
|
|
# the value dictionary otherwise it's not suitable
|
|
for key in self.arguments:
|
|
if key not in defaults and key not in values:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
# in case defaults are given we ensure taht either the value was
|
|
# skipped or the value is the same as the default value.
|
|
if defaults:
|
|
for key, value in iteritems(defaults):
|
|
if key in values and value != values[key]:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def match_compare_key(self):
|
|
"""The match compare key for sorting.
|
|
|
|
Current implementation:
|
|
|
|
1. rules without any arguments come first for performance
|
|
reasons only as we expect them to match faster and some
|
|
common ones usually don't have any arguments (index pages etc.)
|
|
2. rules with more static parts come first so the second argument
|
|
is the negative length of the number of the static weights.
|
|
3. we order by static weights, which is a combination of index
|
|
and length
|
|
4. The more complex rules come first so the next argument is the
|
|
negative length of the number of argument weights.
|
|
5. lastly we order by the actual argument weights.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
return bool(self.arguments), -len(self._static_weights), self._static_weights,\
|
|
-len(self._argument_weights), self._argument_weights
|
|
|
|
def build_compare_key(self):
|
|
"""The build compare key for sorting.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.alias and 1 or 0, -len(self.arguments), \
|
|
-len(self.defaults or ())
|
|
|
|
def __eq__(self, other):
|
|
return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and \
|
|
self._trace == other._trace
|
|
|
|
__hash__ = None
|
|
|
|
def __ne__(self, other):
|
|
return not self.__eq__(other)
|
|
|
|
def __str__(self):
|
|
return self.rule
|
|
|
|
@native_string_result
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
if self.map is None:
|
|
return u'<%s (unbound)>' % self.__class__.__name__
|
|
tmp = []
|
|
for is_dynamic, data in self._trace:
|
|
if is_dynamic:
|
|
tmp.append(u'<%s>' % data)
|
|
else:
|
|
tmp.append(data)
|
|
return u'<%s %s%s -> %s>' % (
|
|
self.__class__.__name__,
|
|
repr((u''.join(tmp)).lstrip(u'|')).lstrip(u'u'),
|
|
self.methods is not None
|
|
and u' (%s)' % u', '.join(self.methods)
|
|
or u'',
|
|
self.endpoint
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class BaseConverter(object):
|
|
|
|
"""Base class for all converters."""
|
|
regex = '[^/]+'
|
|
weight = 100
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map):
|
|
self.map = map
|
|
|
|
def to_python(self, value):
|
|
return value
|
|
|
|
def to_url(self, value):
|
|
return url_quote(value, charset=self.map.charset)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UnicodeConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
|
|
"""This converter is the default converter and accepts any string but
|
|
only one path segment. Thus the string can not include a slash.
|
|
|
|
This is the default validator.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/pages/<page>'),
|
|
Rule('/<string(length=2):lang_code>')
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
:param minlength: the minimum length of the string. Must be greater
|
|
or equal 1.
|
|
:param maxlength: the maximum length of the string.
|
|
:param length: the exact length of the string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map, minlength=1, maxlength=None, length=None):
|
|
BaseConverter.__init__(self, map)
|
|
if length is not None:
|
|
length = '{%d}' % int(length)
|
|
else:
|
|
if maxlength is None:
|
|
maxlength = ''
|
|
else:
|
|
maxlength = int(maxlength)
|
|
length = '{%s,%s}' % (
|
|
int(minlength),
|
|
maxlength
|
|
)
|
|
self.regex = '[^/]' + length
|
|
|
|
|
|
class AnyConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
|
|
"""Matches one of the items provided. Items can either be Python
|
|
identifiers or strings::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/<any(about, help, imprint, class, "foo,bar"):page_name>')
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
:param items: this function accepts the possible items as positional
|
|
arguments.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map, *items):
|
|
BaseConverter.__init__(self, map)
|
|
self.regex = '(?:%s)' % '|'.join([re.escape(x) for x in items])
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PathConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
|
|
"""Like the default :class:`UnicodeConverter`, but it also matches
|
|
slashes. This is useful for wikis and similar applications::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/<path:wikipage>')
|
|
Rule('/<path:wikipage>/edit')
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
"""
|
|
regex = '[^/].*?'
|
|
weight = 200
|
|
|
|
|
|
class NumberConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
|
|
"""Baseclass for `IntegerConverter` and `FloatConverter`.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
weight = 50
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map, fixed_digits=0, min=None, max=None):
|
|
BaseConverter.__init__(self, map)
|
|
self.fixed_digits = fixed_digits
|
|
self.min = min
|
|
self.max = max
|
|
|
|
def to_python(self, value):
|
|
if (self.fixed_digits and len(value) != self.fixed_digits):
|
|
raise ValidationError()
|
|
value = self.num_convert(value)
|
|
if (self.min is not None and value < self.min) or \
|
|
(self.max is not None and value > self.max):
|
|
raise ValidationError()
|
|
return value
|
|
|
|
def to_url(self, value):
|
|
value = self.num_convert(value)
|
|
if self.fixed_digits:
|
|
value = ('%%0%sd' % self.fixed_digits) % value
|
|
return str(value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class IntegerConverter(NumberConverter):
|
|
|
|
"""This converter only accepts integer values::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/page/<int:page>')
|
|
|
|
This converter does not support negative values.
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
:param fixed_digits: the number of fixed digits in the URL. If you set
|
|
this to ``4`` for example, the application will
|
|
only match if the url looks like ``/0001/``. The
|
|
default is variable length.
|
|
:param min: the minimal value.
|
|
:param max: the maximal value.
|
|
"""
|
|
regex = r'\d+'
|
|
num_convert = int
|
|
|
|
|
|
class FloatConverter(NumberConverter):
|
|
|
|
"""This converter only accepts floating point values::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/probability/<float:probability>')
|
|
|
|
This converter does not support negative values.
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
:param min: the minimal value.
|
|
:param max: the maximal value.
|
|
"""
|
|
regex = r'\d+\.\d+'
|
|
num_convert = float
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map, min=None, max=None):
|
|
NumberConverter.__init__(self, map, 0, min, max)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UUIDConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
|
|
"""This converter only accepts UUID strings::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/object/<uuid:identifier>')
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.10
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
"""
|
|
regex = r'[A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-' \
|
|
r'[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}'
|
|
|
|
def to_python(self, value):
|
|
return uuid.UUID(value)
|
|
|
|
def to_url(self, value):
|
|
return str(value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: the default converter mapping for the map.
|
|
DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
|
|
'default': UnicodeConverter,
|
|
'string': UnicodeConverter,
|
|
'any': AnyConverter,
|
|
'path': PathConverter,
|
|
'int': IntegerConverter,
|
|
'float': FloatConverter,
|
|
'uuid': UUIDConverter,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Map(object):
|
|
|
|
"""The map class stores all the URL rules and some configuration
|
|
parameters. Some of the configuration values are only stored on the
|
|
`Map` instance since those affect all rules, others are just defaults
|
|
and can be overridden for each rule. Note that you have to specify all
|
|
arguments besides the `rules` as keyword arguments!
|
|
|
|
:param rules: sequence of url rules for this map.
|
|
:param default_subdomain: The default subdomain for rules without a
|
|
subdomain defined.
|
|
:param charset: charset of the url. defaults to ``"utf-8"``
|
|
:param strict_slashes: Take care of trailing slashes.
|
|
:param redirect_defaults: This will redirect to the default rule if it
|
|
wasn't visited that way. This helps creating
|
|
unique URLs.
|
|
:param converters: A dict of converters that adds additional converters
|
|
to the list of converters. If you redefine one
|
|
converter this will override the original one.
|
|
:param sort_parameters: If set to `True` the url parameters are sorted.
|
|
See `url_encode` for more details.
|
|
:param sort_key: The sort key function for `url_encode`.
|
|
:param encoding_errors: the error method to use for decoding
|
|
:param host_matching: if set to `True` it enables the host matching
|
|
feature and disables the subdomain one. If
|
|
enabled the `host` parameter to rules is used
|
|
instead of the `subdomain` one.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
|
`sort_parameters` and `sort_key` was added.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
`encoding_errors` and `host_matching` was added.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
#: .. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
#: a dict of default converters to be used.
|
|
default_converters = ImmutableDict(DEFAULT_CONVERTERS)
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, rules=None, default_subdomain='', charset='utf-8',
|
|
strict_slashes=True, redirect_defaults=True,
|
|
converters=None, sort_parameters=False, sort_key=None,
|
|
encoding_errors='replace', host_matching=False):
|
|
self._rules = []
|
|
self._rules_by_endpoint = {}
|
|
self._remap = True
|
|
self._remap_lock = Lock()
|
|
|
|
self.default_subdomain = default_subdomain
|
|
self.charset = charset
|
|
self.encoding_errors = encoding_errors
|
|
self.strict_slashes = strict_slashes
|
|
self.redirect_defaults = redirect_defaults
|
|
self.host_matching = host_matching
|
|
|
|
self.converters = self.default_converters.copy()
|
|
if converters:
|
|
self.converters.update(converters)
|
|
|
|
self.sort_parameters = sort_parameters
|
|
self.sort_key = sort_key
|
|
|
|
for rulefactory in rules or ():
|
|
self.add(rulefactory)
|
|
|
|
def is_endpoint_expecting(self, endpoint, *arguments):
|
|
"""Iterate over all rules and check if the endpoint expects
|
|
the arguments provided. This is for example useful if you have
|
|
some URLs that expect a language code and others that do not and
|
|
you want to wrap the builder a bit so that the current language
|
|
code is automatically added if not provided but endpoints expect
|
|
it.
|
|
|
|
:param endpoint: the endpoint to check.
|
|
:param arguments: this function accepts one or more arguments
|
|
as positional arguments. Each one of them is
|
|
checked.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.update()
|
|
arguments = set(arguments)
|
|
for rule in self._rules_by_endpoint[endpoint]:
|
|
if arguments.issubset(rule.arguments):
|
|
return True
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def iter_rules(self, endpoint=None):
|
|
"""Iterate over all rules or the rules of an endpoint.
|
|
|
|
:param endpoint: if provided only the rules for that endpoint
|
|
are returned.
|
|
:return: an iterator
|
|
"""
|
|
self.update()
|
|
if endpoint is not None:
|
|
return iter(self._rules_by_endpoint[endpoint])
|
|
return iter(self._rules)
|
|
|
|
def add(self, rulefactory):
|
|
"""Add a new rule or factory to the map and bind it. Requires that the
|
|
rule is not bound to another map.
|
|
|
|
:param rulefactory: a :class:`Rule` or :class:`RuleFactory`
|
|
"""
|
|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(self):
|
|
rule.bind(self)
|
|
self._rules.append(rule)
|
|
self._rules_by_endpoint.setdefault(rule.endpoint, []).append(rule)
|
|
self._remap = True
|
|
|
|
def bind(self, server_name, script_name=None, subdomain=None,
|
|
url_scheme='http', default_method='GET', path_info=None,
|
|
query_args=None):
|
|
"""Return a new :class:`MapAdapter` with the details specified to the
|
|
call. Note that `script_name` will default to ``'/'`` if not further
|
|
specified or `None`. The `server_name` at least is a requirement
|
|
because the HTTP RFC requires absolute URLs for redirects and so all
|
|
redirect exceptions raised by Werkzeug will contain the full canonical
|
|
URL.
|
|
|
|
If no path_info is passed to :meth:`match` it will use the default path
|
|
info passed to bind. While this doesn't really make sense for
|
|
manual bind calls, it's useful if you bind a map to a WSGI
|
|
environment which already contains the path info.
|
|
|
|
`subdomain` will default to the `default_subdomain` for this map if
|
|
no defined. If there is no `default_subdomain` you cannot use the
|
|
subdomain feature.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
`query_args` added
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.8
|
|
`query_args` can now also be a string.
|
|
"""
|
|
server_name = server_name.lower()
|
|
if self.host_matching:
|
|
if subdomain is not None:
|
|
raise RuntimeError('host matching enabled and a '
|
|
'subdomain was provided')
|
|
elif subdomain is None:
|
|
subdomain = self.default_subdomain
|
|
if script_name is None:
|
|
script_name = '/'
|
|
try:
|
|
server_name = _encode_idna(server_name)
|
|
except UnicodeError:
|
|
raise BadHost()
|
|
return MapAdapter(self, server_name, script_name, subdomain,
|
|
url_scheme, path_info, default_method, query_args)
|
|
|
|
def bind_to_environ(self, environ, server_name=None, subdomain=None):
|
|
"""Like :meth:`bind` but you can pass it an WSGI environment and it
|
|
will fetch the information from that dictionary. Note that because of
|
|
limitations in the protocol there is no way to get the current
|
|
subdomain and real `server_name` from the environment. If you don't
|
|
provide it, Werkzeug will use `SERVER_NAME` and `SERVER_PORT` (or
|
|
`HTTP_HOST` if provided) as used `server_name` with disabled subdomain
|
|
feature.
|
|
|
|
If `subdomain` is `None` but an environment and a server name is
|
|
provided it will calculate the current subdomain automatically.
|
|
Example: `server_name` is ``'example.com'`` and the `SERVER_NAME`
|
|
in the wsgi `environ` is ``'staging.dev.example.com'`` the calculated
|
|
subdomain will be ``'staging.dev'``.
|
|
|
|
If the object passed as environ has an environ attribute, the value of
|
|
this attribute is used instead. This allows you to pass request
|
|
objects. Additionally `PATH_INFO` added as a default of the
|
|
:class:`MapAdapter` so that you don't have to pass the path info to
|
|
the match method.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
|
|
previously this method accepted a bogus `calculate_subdomain`
|
|
parameter that did not have any effect. It was removed because
|
|
of that.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.8
|
|
This will no longer raise a ValueError when an unexpected server
|
|
name was passed.
|
|
|
|
:param environ: a WSGI environment.
|
|
:param server_name: an optional server name hint (see above).
|
|
:param subdomain: optionally the current subdomain (see above).
|
|
"""
|
|
environ = _get_environ(environ)
|
|
|
|
if 'HTTP_HOST' in environ:
|
|
wsgi_server_name = environ['HTTP_HOST']
|
|
|
|
if environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'http' \
|
|
and wsgi_server_name.endswith(':80'):
|
|
wsgi_server_name = wsgi_server_name[:-3]
|
|
elif environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'https' \
|
|
and wsgi_server_name.endswith(':443'):
|
|
wsgi_server_name = wsgi_server_name[:-4]
|
|
else:
|
|
wsgi_server_name = environ['SERVER_NAME']
|
|
|
|
if (environ['wsgi.url_scheme'], environ['SERVER_PORT']) not \
|
|
in (('https', '443'), ('http', '80')):
|
|
wsgi_server_name += ':' + environ['SERVER_PORT']
|
|
|
|
wsgi_server_name = wsgi_server_name.lower()
|
|
|
|
if server_name is None:
|
|
server_name = wsgi_server_name
|
|
else:
|
|
server_name = server_name.lower()
|
|
|
|
if subdomain is None and not self.host_matching:
|
|
cur_server_name = wsgi_server_name.split('.')
|
|
real_server_name = server_name.split('.')
|
|
offset = -len(real_server_name)
|
|
if cur_server_name[offset:] != real_server_name:
|
|
# This can happen even with valid configs if the server was
|
|
# accesssed directly by IP address under some situations.
|
|
# Instead of raising an exception like in Werkzeug 0.7 or
|
|
# earlier we go by an invalid subdomain which will result
|
|
# in a 404 error on matching.
|
|
subdomain = '<invalid>'
|
|
else:
|
|
subdomain = '.'.join(filter(None, cur_server_name[:offset]))
|
|
|
|
def _get_wsgi_string(name):
|
|
val = environ.get(name)
|
|
if val is not None:
|
|
return wsgi_decoding_dance(val, self.charset)
|
|
|
|
script_name = _get_wsgi_string('SCRIPT_NAME')
|
|
path_info = _get_wsgi_string('PATH_INFO')
|
|
query_args = _get_wsgi_string('QUERY_STRING')
|
|
return Map.bind(self, server_name, script_name,
|
|
subdomain, environ['wsgi.url_scheme'],
|
|
environ['REQUEST_METHOD'], path_info,
|
|
query_args=query_args)
|
|
|
|
def update(self):
|
|
"""Called before matching and building to keep the compiled rules
|
|
in the correct order after things changed.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not self._remap:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
with self._remap_lock:
|
|
if not self._remap:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
self._rules.sort(key=lambda x: x.match_compare_key())
|
|
for rules in itervalues(self._rules_by_endpoint):
|
|
rules.sort(key=lambda x: x.build_compare_key())
|
|
self._remap = False
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
rules = self.iter_rules()
|
|
return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, pformat(list(rules)))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class MapAdapter(object):
|
|
|
|
"""Returned by :meth:`Map.bind` or :meth:`Map.bind_to_environ` and does
|
|
the URL matching and building based on runtime information.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map, server_name, script_name, subdomain,
|
|
url_scheme, path_info, default_method, query_args=None):
|
|
self.map = map
|
|
self.server_name = to_unicode(server_name)
|
|
script_name = to_unicode(script_name)
|
|
if not script_name.endswith(u'/'):
|
|
script_name += u'/'
|
|
self.script_name = script_name
|
|
self.subdomain = to_unicode(subdomain)
|
|
self.url_scheme = to_unicode(url_scheme)
|
|
self.path_info = to_unicode(path_info)
|
|
self.default_method = to_unicode(default_method)
|
|
self.query_args = query_args
|
|
|
|
def dispatch(self, view_func, path_info=None, method=None,
|
|
catch_http_exceptions=False):
|
|
"""Does the complete dispatching process. `view_func` is called with
|
|
the endpoint and a dict with the values for the view. It should
|
|
look up the view function, call it, and return a response object
|
|
or WSGI application. http exceptions are not caught by default
|
|
so that applications can display nicer error messages by just
|
|
catching them by hand. If you want to stick with the default
|
|
error messages you can pass it ``catch_http_exceptions=True`` and
|
|
it will catch the http exceptions.
|
|
|
|
Here a small example for the dispatch usage::
|
|
|
|
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
|
|
from werkzeug.wsgi import responder
|
|
from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule
|
|
|
|
def on_index(request):
|
|
return Response('Hello from the index')
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([Rule('/', endpoint='index')])
|
|
views = {'index': on_index}
|
|
|
|
@responder
|
|
def application(environ, start_response):
|
|
request = Request(environ)
|
|
urls = url_map.bind_to_environ(environ)
|
|
return urls.dispatch(lambda e, v: views[e](request, **v),
|
|
catch_http_exceptions=True)
|
|
|
|
Keep in mind that this method might return exception objects, too, so
|
|
use :class:`Response.force_type` to get a response object.
|
|
|
|
:param view_func: a function that is called with the endpoint as
|
|
first argument and the value dict as second. Has
|
|
to dispatch to the actual view function with this
|
|
information. (see above)
|
|
:param path_info: the path info to use for matching. Overrides the
|
|
path info specified on binding.
|
|
:param method: the HTTP method used for matching. Overrides the
|
|
method specified on binding.
|
|
:param catch_http_exceptions: set to `True` to catch any of the
|
|
werkzeug :class:`HTTPException`\s.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
try:
|
|
endpoint, args = self.match(path_info, method)
|
|
except RequestRedirect as e:
|
|
return e
|
|
return view_func(endpoint, args)
|
|
except HTTPException as e:
|
|
if catch_http_exceptions:
|
|
return e
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def match(self, path_info=None, method=None, return_rule=False,
|
|
query_args=None):
|
|
"""The usage is simple: you just pass the match method the current
|
|
path info as well as the method (which defaults to `GET`). The
|
|
following things can then happen:
|
|
|
|
- you receive a `NotFound` exception that indicates that no URL is
|
|
matching. A `NotFound` exception is also a WSGI application you
|
|
can call to get a default page not found page (happens to be the
|
|
same object as `werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound`)
|
|
|
|
- you receive a `MethodNotAllowed` exception that indicates that there
|
|
is a match for this URL but not for the current request method.
|
|
This is useful for RESTful applications.
|
|
|
|
- you receive a `RequestRedirect` exception with a `new_url`
|
|
attribute. This exception is used to notify you about a request
|
|
Werkzeug requests from your WSGI application. This is for example the
|
|
case if you request ``/foo`` although the correct URL is ``/foo/``
|
|
You can use the `RequestRedirect` instance as response-like object
|
|
similar to all other subclasses of `HTTPException`.
|
|
|
|
- you get a tuple in the form ``(endpoint, arguments)`` if there is
|
|
a match (unless `return_rule` is True, in which case you get a tuple
|
|
in the form ``(rule, arguments)``)
|
|
|
|
If the path info is not passed to the match method the default path
|
|
info of the map is used (defaults to the root URL if not defined
|
|
explicitly).
|
|
|
|
All of the exceptions raised are subclasses of `HTTPException` so they
|
|
can be used as WSGI responses. They will all render generic error or
|
|
redirect pages.
|
|
|
|
Here is a small example for matching:
|
|
|
|
>>> m = Map([
|
|
... Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
|
|
... Rule('/downloads/', endpoint='downloads/index'),
|
|
... Rule('/downloads/<int:id>', endpoint='downloads/show')
|
|
... ])
|
|
>>> urls = m.bind("example.com", "/")
|
|
>>> urls.match("/", "GET")
|
|
('index', {})
|
|
>>> urls.match("/downloads/42")
|
|
('downloads/show', {'id': 42})
|
|
|
|
And here is what happens on redirect and missing URLs:
|
|
|
|
>>> urls.match("/downloads")
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
...
|
|
RequestRedirect: http://example.com/downloads/
|
|
>>> urls.match("/missing")
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
...
|
|
NotFound: 404 Not Found
|
|
|
|
:param path_info: the path info to use for matching. Overrides the
|
|
path info specified on binding.
|
|
:param method: the HTTP method used for matching. Overrides the
|
|
method specified on binding.
|
|
:param return_rule: return the rule that matched instead of just the
|
|
endpoint (defaults to `False`).
|
|
:param query_args: optional query arguments that are used for
|
|
automatic redirects as string or dictionary. It's
|
|
currently not possible to use the query arguments
|
|
for URL matching.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
`return_rule` was added.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
`query_args` was added.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.8
|
|
`query_args` can now also be a string.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.map.update()
|
|
if path_info is None:
|
|
path_info = self.path_info
|
|
else:
|
|
path_info = to_unicode(path_info, self.map.charset)
|
|
if query_args is None:
|
|
query_args = self.query_args
|
|
method = (method or self.default_method).upper()
|
|
|
|
path = u'%s|%s' % (
|
|
self.map.host_matching and self.server_name or self.subdomain,
|
|
path_info and '/%s' % path_info.lstrip('/')
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
have_match_for = set()
|
|
for rule in self.map._rules:
|
|
try:
|
|
rv = rule.match(path, method)
|
|
except RequestSlash:
|
|
raise RequestRedirect(self.make_redirect_url(
|
|
url_quote(path_info, self.map.charset,
|
|
safe='/:|+') + '/', query_args))
|
|
except RequestAliasRedirect as e:
|
|
raise RequestRedirect(self.make_alias_redirect_url(
|
|
path, rule.endpoint, e.matched_values, method, query_args))
|
|
if rv is None:
|
|
continue
|
|
if rule.methods is not None and method not in rule.methods:
|
|
have_match_for.update(rule.methods)
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
if self.map.redirect_defaults:
|
|
redirect_url = self.get_default_redirect(rule, method, rv,
|
|
query_args)
|
|
if redirect_url is not None:
|
|
raise RequestRedirect(redirect_url)
|
|
|
|
if rule.redirect_to is not None:
|
|
if isinstance(rule.redirect_to, string_types):
|
|
def _handle_match(match):
|
|
value = rv[match.group(1)]
|
|
return rule._converters[match.group(1)].to_url(value)
|
|
redirect_url = _simple_rule_re.sub(_handle_match,
|
|
rule.redirect_to)
|
|
else:
|
|
redirect_url = rule.redirect_to(self, **rv)
|
|
raise RequestRedirect(str(url_join('%s://%s%s%s' % (
|
|
self.url_scheme or 'http',
|
|
self.subdomain and self.subdomain + '.' or '',
|
|
self.server_name,
|
|
self.script_name
|
|
), redirect_url)))
|
|
|
|
if return_rule:
|
|
return rule, rv
|
|
else:
|
|
return rule.endpoint, rv
|
|
|
|
if have_match_for:
|
|
raise MethodNotAllowed(valid_methods=list(have_match_for))
|
|
raise NotFound()
|
|
|
|
def test(self, path_info=None, method=None):
|
|
"""Test if a rule would match. Works like `match` but returns `True`
|
|
if the URL matches, or `False` if it does not exist.
|
|
|
|
:param path_info: the path info to use for matching. Overrides the
|
|
path info specified on binding.
|
|
:param method: the HTTP method used for matching. Overrides the
|
|
method specified on binding.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
self.match(path_info, method)
|
|
except RequestRedirect:
|
|
pass
|
|
except HTTPException:
|
|
return False
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def allowed_methods(self, path_info=None):
|
|
"""Returns the valid methods that match for a given path.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
self.match(path_info, method='--')
|
|
except MethodNotAllowed as e:
|
|
return e.valid_methods
|
|
except HTTPException as e:
|
|
pass
|
|
return []
|
|
|
|
def get_host(self, domain_part):
|
|
"""Figures out the full host name for the given domain part. The
|
|
domain part is a subdomain in case host matching is disabled or
|
|
a full host name.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.map.host_matching:
|
|
if domain_part is None:
|
|
return self.server_name
|
|
return to_unicode(domain_part, 'ascii')
|
|
subdomain = domain_part
|
|
if subdomain is None:
|
|
subdomain = self.subdomain
|
|
else:
|
|
subdomain = to_unicode(subdomain, 'ascii')
|
|
return (subdomain and subdomain + u'.' or u'') + self.server_name
|
|
|
|
def get_default_redirect(self, rule, method, values, query_args):
|
|
"""A helper that returns the URL to redirect to if it finds one.
|
|
This is used for default redirecting only.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
assert self.map.redirect_defaults
|
|
for r in self.map._rules_by_endpoint[rule.endpoint]:
|
|
# every rule that comes after this one, including ourself
|
|
# has a lower priority for the defaults. We order the ones
|
|
# with the highest priority up for building.
|
|
if r is rule:
|
|
break
|
|
if r.provides_defaults_for(rule) and \
|
|
r.suitable_for(values, method):
|
|
values.update(r.defaults)
|
|
domain_part, path = r.build(values)
|
|
return self.make_redirect_url(
|
|
path, query_args, domain_part=domain_part)
|
|
|
|
def encode_query_args(self, query_args):
|
|
if not isinstance(query_args, string_types):
|
|
query_args = url_encode(query_args, self.map.charset)
|
|
return query_args
|
|
|
|
def make_redirect_url(self, path_info, query_args=None, domain_part=None):
|
|
"""Creates a redirect URL.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
suffix = ''
|
|
if query_args:
|
|
suffix = '?' + self.encode_query_args(query_args)
|
|
return str('%s://%s/%s%s' % (
|
|
self.url_scheme or 'http',
|
|
self.get_host(domain_part),
|
|
posixpath.join(self.script_name[:-1].lstrip('/'),
|
|
path_info.lstrip('/')),
|
|
suffix
|
|
))
|
|
|
|
def make_alias_redirect_url(self, path, endpoint, values, method, query_args):
|
|
"""Internally called to make an alias redirect URL."""
|
|
url = self.build(endpoint, values, method, append_unknown=False,
|
|
force_external=True)
|
|
if query_args:
|
|
url += '?' + self.encode_query_args(query_args)
|
|
assert url != path, 'detected invalid alias setting. No canonical ' \
|
|
'URL found'
|
|
return url
|
|
|
|
def _partial_build(self, endpoint, values, method, append_unknown):
|
|
"""Helper for :meth:`build`. Returns subdomain and path for the
|
|
rule that accepts this endpoint, values and method.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
# in case the method is none, try with the default method first
|
|
if method is None:
|
|
rv = self._partial_build(endpoint, values, self.default_method,
|
|
append_unknown)
|
|
if rv is not None:
|
|
return rv
|
|
|
|
# default method did not match or a specific method is passed,
|
|
# check all and go with first result.
|
|
for rule in self.map._rules_by_endpoint.get(endpoint, ()):
|
|
if rule.suitable_for(values, method):
|
|
rv = rule.build(values, append_unknown)
|
|
if rv is not None:
|
|
return rv
|
|
|
|
def build(self, endpoint, values=None, method=None, force_external=False,
|
|
append_unknown=True):
|
|
"""Building URLs works pretty much the other way round. Instead of
|
|
`match` you call `build` and pass it the endpoint and a dict of
|
|
arguments for the placeholders.
|
|
|
|
The `build` function also accepts an argument called `force_external`
|
|
which, if you set it to `True` will force external URLs. Per default
|
|
external URLs (include the server name) will only be used if the
|
|
target URL is on a different subdomain.
|
|
|
|
>>> m = Map([
|
|
... Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
|
|
... Rule('/downloads/', endpoint='downloads/index'),
|
|
... Rule('/downloads/<int:id>', endpoint='downloads/show')
|
|
... ])
|
|
>>> urls = m.bind("example.com", "/")
|
|
>>> urls.build("index", {})
|
|
'/'
|
|
>>> urls.build("downloads/show", {'id': 42})
|
|
'/downloads/42'
|
|
>>> urls.build("downloads/show", {'id': 42}, force_external=True)
|
|
'http://example.com/downloads/42'
|
|
|
|
Because URLs cannot contain non ASCII data you will always get
|
|
bytestrings back. Non ASCII characters are urlencoded with the
|
|
charset defined on the map instance.
|
|
|
|
Additional values are converted to unicode and appended to the URL as
|
|
URL querystring parameters:
|
|
|
|
>>> urls.build("index", {'q': 'My Searchstring'})
|
|
'/?q=My+Searchstring'
|
|
|
|
When processing those additional values, lists are furthermore
|
|
interpreted as multiple values (as per
|
|
:py:class:`werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict`):
|
|
|
|
>>> urls.build("index", {'q': ['a', 'b', 'c']})
|
|
'/?q=a&q=b&q=c'
|
|
|
|
If a rule does not exist when building a `BuildError` exception is
|
|
raised.
|
|
|
|
The build method accepts an argument called `method` which allows you
|
|
to specify the method you want to have an URL built for if you have
|
|
different methods for the same endpoint specified.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
the `append_unknown` parameter was added.
|
|
|
|
:param endpoint: the endpoint of the URL to build.
|
|
:param values: the values for the URL to build. Unhandled values are
|
|
appended to the URL as query parameters.
|
|
:param method: the HTTP method for the rule if there are different
|
|
URLs for different methods on the same endpoint.
|
|
:param force_external: enforce full canonical external URLs. If the URL
|
|
scheme is not provided, this will generate
|
|
a protocol-relative URL.
|
|
:param append_unknown: unknown parameters are appended to the generated
|
|
URL as query string argument. Disable this
|
|
if you want the builder to ignore those.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.map.update()
|
|
if values:
|
|
if isinstance(values, MultiDict):
|
|
valueiter = iteritems(values, multi=True)
|
|
else:
|
|
valueiter = iteritems(values)
|
|
values = dict((k, v) for k, v in valueiter if v is not None)
|
|
else:
|
|
values = {}
|
|
|
|
rv = self._partial_build(endpoint, values, method, append_unknown)
|
|
if rv is None:
|
|
raise BuildError(endpoint, values, method, self)
|
|
domain_part, path = rv
|
|
|
|
host = self.get_host(domain_part)
|
|
|
|
# shortcut this.
|
|
if not force_external and (
|
|
(self.map.host_matching and host == self.server_name) or
|
|
(not self.map.host_matching and domain_part == self.subdomain)
|
|
):
|
|
return str(url_join(self.script_name, './' + path.lstrip('/')))
|
|
return str('%s//%s%s/%s' % (
|
|
self.url_scheme + ':' if self.url_scheme else '',
|
|
host,
|
|
self.script_name[:-1],
|
|
path.lstrip('/')
|
|
))
|
|
|